* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Bonding Nomenclature Notes
Electrolysis of water wikipedia , lookup
Biological aspects of fluorine wikipedia , lookup
Hydrogen bond wikipedia , lookup
History of chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Oxidation state wikipedia , lookup
Electrochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Acid–base reaction wikipedia , lookup
Chemistry: A Volatile History wikipedia , lookup
Molecular orbital diagram wikipedia , lookup
Bent's rule wikipedia , lookup
Cation–pi interaction wikipedia , lookup
Debye–Hückel equation wikipedia , lookup
Organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Drug discovery wikipedia , lookup
Electron configuration wikipedia , lookup
Metastable inner-shell molecular state wikipedia , lookup
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Aromaticity wikipedia , lookup
Coordination complex wikipedia , lookup
Inorganic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Bond valence method wikipedia , lookup
Resonance (chemistry) wikipedia , lookup
Metallic bonding wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Electronegativity wikipedia , lookup
Atomic theory wikipedia , lookup
Organosulfur compounds wikipedia , lookup
History of molecular theory wikipedia , lookup
Nanofluidic circuitry wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Homoaromaticity wikipedia , lookup
Hypervalent molecule wikipedia , lookup
Ionic compound wikipedia , lookup
Chemical bond wikipedia , lookup
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 wikipedia , lookup
Chapters 4 & 12 Nomenclature and Chemical Bonding 1 Ionic Compounds Octet Rule -atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration. Ionic compound -a compound composed entirely of ions formed by the gaining and losing of valence electrons Ionic Bonding - a positively charged ion is attracted to a negatively charge ion. 1) 2) 3) Cation -positively charged ion Anion -negatively charged ion Typically between a metal and a nonmetal. 2 Properties of Ionic Compounds: overall neutral 2) high melting points 3) generally brittle solids 4) dissolve in water to form electrolytes Types of Ions: Monatomic Cations – positively charged ions formed from 1 atom Li+ Mg2+ To name a cation add the word ion after the element’s name. Lithium ion Magnesium ion 1) 3 Some elements can form more than one ionic charge (Transitional Metals) Iron: Fe2+ and Fe3+ Iron (II) ion Iron(III) ion Monatomic Anions – negatively charged ions formed from 1 atom FO2Naming a monatomic anion, replace the ending of the name with –ide. flouride oxide 4 Polyatomic Ions -ions that consist of more than 1 atom C2H3O2- Acetate NH4+ Ammonium Rules for writing formulas for ionic compounds: 1) Write the symbol for the cation first. 2) Write the symbol for the anion second. 3) Add subscripts so the charges equal zero when added. 5 Rules for naming ionic compounds: 1) Write the name of the cation unchanged first. 2) Write the root of the anion with the –ide ending. Binary Compound - ionic compound composed of two atoms. Formula unit-the smallest representative unit 1) Mg2+ + Cl1- MgCl2 2) Fe2+ + O2- Fe2O2 FeO 3) Al3+ + S2- Al2S3 6 Hydrates - ionic compounds that absorb water into their solid structures: CuSO4 • 5H2O Polyatomic Ionic (Ternary) Compounds- contains atoms of three different elements. 1) K1+ + NO31- 1) Mg2+ + OH11) Cu2+ + KNO3 Mg(OH)2 PO43- Cu3(PO4)2 7 Prefix monoditritetrapentahexaheptaoctananodeca- Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 Writing and Naming Covalent Compounds Covalent Bond – formed by the sharing of electrons Molecule -the smallest representative unit Molecular Compound -compounds composed of molecules Molecular Formula -shows the kind and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of an atom Properties Of Covalent Compounds 1) 2) 3) 4) made of two nonmetals low melting and boiling points solid, liquid, or gas at room temp. do not dissociate in water 9 Naming Covalent Compounds CO CO2 CO32C2O42 Rules for naming covalent compounds: 1) Write the less electronegative element first. 2) Write the root of the more electronegative element with the -ide ending second. 3) Add prefixes to both indicating the number of atoms of each element 10 Exceptions: 1. Do not use mono-with the first element in the compound 2. Prefixes are sometimes shortened. CO Carbon Monoxide 3. Chemist use common names for some compounds other than the formal names. NH3 Nitrogen Trihydride 11 Electronegativity -the attraction to electrons involved in a chemical bond Two Types of Covalent Bonds 1. Polar Covalent Bond -one atom in a molecule is significantly more electronegative -This causes a slight positive and negative charge on a molecule. 2. Nonpolar Covalent Bond -electrons are shared equally Electronegativity Differences Bond Type 0.3 non-polar 0.4 - 1.9 polar 2.0 ionic 12 Structural Formulas -specifies which atoms are bonded to each other in a molecule F2 NH3 Single Covalent Bond -two atoms share 1 pair of electrons Double Covalent Bond -two atoms share 2 pair of electrons Triple Covalent Bond -two atoms share 3 pair of electrons 13 Acids -a molecular substance that dissolves in water to produce a hydrogen ion acts like an ionic compounds because they break down into cations and anions in water produces a characteristic anion for which it is named If the anion ends with… -ide such as chloride, fluoride add the prefix hydro- and change the ending to –ic and add the word acid If the anion ends with… -ate such as phosphate, sulfate change the ending to –ic and add the word acid. If the anion ends with… -ite such as sulfite, phosphite change the ending to –ous and add the word acid 14