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Transcript
DNA: The Genetic Material Identifying the Genetic Material Experiments of Griffith and Avery yielded results that suggested DNA was genetic material (1944) Hershey & Chase used the bacteriophage T2 and radioactive labels to show that virus genes are made of DNA, not protein (1952) DNA stores information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them The Structure of DNA Discovered by Watson & Crick in 1953 & received Nobel Prize in 1962 along with Maurice Wilkins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =sf0YXnAFBs8&feature=autoplay& list=PL4900A106005340D0&lf=res ults_video&playnext=2 DNA Polymer : Nucleotide Monomer Each Nucleotide has 3 parts: 1) 5 carbon sugar Deoxyribose 2) Phosphate group PO4 3) Nitrogen Base Nitrogen Bases Purines Adenine Guanine Pyrimidines Thymine Cytosine A Human 30 Plant 27 Virus 21 T G C 30 27 22 19 22 28 19 22 27 DNA forms a spiral ladder Double Helix Double helix is held together by weak Hydrogen bonds Erwin Chargaff Discovery Chargaff’s Rule A=T, G=C DNA Replication Phase of Cell Cycle? Why replicate? Step 1: DNA Helicase unzips DNA by breaking weak Hydrogen bonds. Step 2: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to exposed nitrogen bases. Step 3: Two DNA molecules form that are identical to original. DNA is referred to as “Semi-conservative”, Each DNA molecule 1 template & 1 new strand DNA polymerase proofreads DNA during its replication so that very few errors occur http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU 500/sec bacteria 50/sec human Eukaryotes http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=d na+replication+animation&mid=E308470 BDBE4EA7925E3E308470BDBE4EA7925E 3&view=detail&FORM=VIRE3&adlt=strict http://student.ccbcmd.edu/biotutorials/ dna/lag.html