Download Cells - VCE-Unit1and2Biology

Cells
Staining Cells
• Staining is a technique used in microscopy
to enhance contrast in the microscope
image
Mounting..
• refers to attaching the samples to a glass
microscope slide for observation.
• for samples of loose cells (e.g.blood or
pap smear) the sample can be applied
directly to a slide.
• for larger tissues thinner sections are
made
Stains
• Iodine – more contrast between cell
structure. Also goes blue black when
starch is present.
• Methyl blue – stains nuclei blue
Structure
You were able to see the following in most
cells under the light microscope
• Cell wall
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Vacuole
• Plastids
Structure
• The following cell structures are only
clearly visible through an electron
microscope
– Mitochondria
– Golgi Apparatus
– Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
– Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm
• Cytosol –is the liquid part
• Cytoplasm is the part that contains all the
organelle structures
Plant Vacuoles
Plastids – organelles found in the cells of plants.
• Chloroplasts – found in plants. Contain
chlorophyll. Responsible for photosynthesis.
• Leucoplasts – non-pigmented plastids found
predominantly in the roots and
non-photosynthetic parts of plants.
They become specialised for bulk storage
of starch (e.g.banana), protein and lipids.
• Chromoplasts – for pigment synthesis
and storage (e.g. red capsicum).
Often found in fruits and flower part of plants.
Cytoplasmic streaming
• See wiki
Protoctists or Protist
• See wiki
• P 83 of text
• Be able to draw amoeba, euglena and
paramecium.
Book work
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Biological Drawings - 39-40
Kingdoms – 70; 79-83
Types of cells-71
Determining cell size - 72
Microscopes - 75-78 (overview)
Cell structure 85-86 ( a lot of this is
difficult but good exercise to attempt.)
Prokaryotes
• Bacteria produce enzymes that break
down the organic matter into simpler
substances that can then be absorbed by
the bacteria.
• Draw and label a generalised bacterial
cell. Page 79
• How would you identify a bacterium?
• Cell Size very tiny. See page 79 estimate
size. Complete page 72
Cell Specialisation
• Activity
• Group the following into something that
makes meaning to you?
• Why did you group them this way?
Cell Specialisation
• Activity
• Group the following into something that
makes meaning to you?
• Why did you group them this way?
Cell Specialisation
• Group them into animal and plant cells?
• Can you identify any of these cells or what
their function is ? What features did you
use to categorise them.
Cell Specialisation
• Identify the following cells
– The protista
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Identify the following specialised animal cells
• Sex cells
• Nerve cells
• Muscle cells
• Ciliated columnar epithelial cells
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Fat cells
• Bone tissue
Identify the following specialised plant cells
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Cells from a leaf of a plant
Stomata
Cells that store starch e.g. banana cells
Vascular cells (xylem and phloem)
Cells with chromatoplasts
Sex Cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells
Ciliated columnar epithelial cells
Blood Cells
Bone Tissue
Fat Cells
Plant Cells
Leaf Cells
Cells that store starch e.g. banana
cells
Vascular cells (xylem and phloem)
Cells with chromoplasts