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Objective 2…TAKS 10th and 11th grades Home slide Home Questions from TAKS regarding cell functions : Questions from TAKS regarding DNA: Questions from TAKS regarding genetics Questions from TAKS regarding classification Questions from TAKS regarding body systems Interactive non-TAKS quizzes on the internet Link to 10th grade study guide Scroll to p.265 for objective 2 Link to 11th grade study guide Scroll to p.310 for objective 2 Objective 2 Homeostasis 21 questions over homeostasis Cells- What they do Great interactive animations over cell structures 6 questions over diffusion Great interactive animations over cell transport 7 ques. Cell structure quiz 8 ques. Cellular energy quiz 8 ques. Cell division quiz DNA/ RNA Interactive DNA replication and protein synthesis animation Tutorial 12.1 Transcription then click on animation Tutorial 12.3 Protein Synthesis 8 questions DNA replication Protein synthesis movie 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 Genetics Kingdoms: Bacteria (2) Protists Fungi Animals Plants Body systems 25 ques. Genetics quiz Heredity in Families....Pedigree animation Down syndrome animation Box game of D,K,P,C,O,F,G,S….choose Unit 5, Chap. 17 7 ques. Classification quiz 8 ques. Kingdom quiz 8 ques. Body Systems quiz Home Home Back to Cell functions Cell functions Go to: Osmosis Go to: Cell Energy and parts Go to: Cell division Back to Cell functions Home Back to Cell functions Home When a sea urchin egg is removed from the ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg swells and Osmosis is the movement of water bursts. Which of these causes through a membrane from cleaner “high concentration” water to enter the egg? to less clean “lower concentration”. Ocean water (because of its salt) F Coagulation is the lower concentration. G Sodium pump Freshwater (less salt) is the high H Active transport concentration. J Osmosis 34 4. Histamine is a polar chemical that can lead to an allergic response Back to Cell functions Home when it is released by the body’s immune system. An antihistamine is a drug that can help prevent the allergic reactions associated with histamine. An antihistamine is a similar molecule to histamine in size, shape, and polarity. How does an antihistamine most likely Real prevent the effects of histamine? histamine A It increases the diffusion of histamine across the membranes of target cells. B It binds to histamine receptors on the surfaces of target cells. C It causes target cells to increase production of histamine receptors. D It blocks histamine receptors found in the cytoplasm of target cells. Model histamine antihistamine Back to Cell functions Home Back to Cell functions Home Starch is a solute. Which would most Osmosis is when ‘cleaner water’ (in this case ‘distilled’) likely the liquida in Tube A toto rise? wantscause to go through membrane ‘less clean water’ (in F Starch being equal on each side of the this case,concentrations ‘starchy’). membrane Tube B water goes through the Dialysis membrane G Waterthe passing from a region of lower starch toward Tube A. concentration to one higher starchtoconcentration Water goes from highofconcentration low H Water and starch theatsame concentration. Or if volumes you wantbeing to look it from the solute J Solute in the tubes changing from‘less a higher point of view…the water goes from solution’ The solute (starch) doesn’t go through this solute membrane. temperature to a lower temperature to ‘more solute solution.’ 14 Back to Cell functions Home The illustration above shows a cell model with starch solutions both inside and outside the cell. In which of the following situations will the solution rise highest in the tube? Back to Cell functions Which molecule provides most of the energy used to drive chemical reactions in cells? F DNA G RNA H ATP J ADP Home 30 Back to Cell functions Home Back to Cell functions Home Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell’s — Mitochondria use oxygen and sugar to recharge ADP’s into ATP’s (cell energy source.) A mitochondria Animal cells don’t have chloroplasts. Plants do. B chloroplasts Animal cells don’t have plastids (for photosynthesis.) C plastids Lysosomes help with digestion of food & recycling. D lysosomes 27 Back to Cell functions Home Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration often considered opposites? Respiration produces more ATP’s than photosynthesis. F Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP molecules as cellular respiration does. FALSE. is released during photosynthesis G Water and consumed during cellular respiration. Respiration occurs at all times. H Photosynthesis occurs during the day, and cellular respiration occurs at night. J Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration. 18 Back to Cell functions Which structure regulates gas exchange during the processes of photosynthesis and respiration? AQ BR CS DT Gases go in here! Home O 2 2 CO 11 Back to Cell functions Home Amino acids are the units of proteins, Lipids are fats. Your stomach adds the HCl to the food. Food provides the human body with all of the following except — F calories G amino acid H hydrochloric acid J lipids 8 Back to Cell functions Home DNA molecules separate into single strands, which are then used to construct two identical strands of DNA. This process ensures that the — A cytoplasm is in equilibrium B mitochondria are genetically identical to the chloroplasts C parent cells use little ATP D daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells 21 Back to Cell functions Home If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis? F 11 G 19 H 38 J 76 If it said “after meiosis” then you would half the number. 26 Back to DNA DNA Go to: DNA Go to: Protein Synthesis Go to: Mutations Home In DNA, which of the following determines the traits of an organism? Home Back to DNA F Amount of adenine G Number of sugars H Sequence of nitrogen bases J Strength of hydrogen bonds 38 Home Back to DNA Which molecule is most responsible for determining an organism’s eye color, body structure, and cellular enzyme production? A Complex starch B Fatty acid C Carbohydrate D Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA 45 Home Back to DNA sugar of DNAare found in a DNA All of theThe following molecule except — The A’s, T’s, C’s, G’s of DNA A carbon dioxide Part of the backbone of DNA B deoxyribose The nitrogenous bases of DNA C nitrogen The rails of the ladder D phosphate 33 Home Back to DNA Home Back to DNA Which of the following nucleotide base sequences complements the section of DNA modeled above? F 5′UTCGCA3′ G 5′TTAGCG3′ H 5′GCGATT3′ A’s go to T’s. J 5′TTUCGC3′ C’s go to G’s. 36 Back to DNA Home Home Back to DNA This chart shows the results of an experiment performed in the 1920s using a bacterial species that causes pneumonia in humans. The experiment involved several procedures using two different bacterial strains, R and S. What is a possible explanation for the results in Group 2? A Living S-strain bacteria can transform into a pathogenic form of R-strain bacteria. B Living R-strain bacteria are controlled by a mouse’s immune system. C Dead S-strain bacteria can cause disease. D Dead R-strain bacteria can confer resistance to S-strain bacteria. 9 Home Back to DNA Which of the following best describesHome the question this set of procedures was designed to answer? A Can a substance from dead bacteria transform living bacteria? B Can R bacterial cells survive heating? C Can dead bacterial cells confer immunity to a living host? D Can bacterial cells be isolated from a healthy host? 25 Back to DNA Transcription: messenger RNA (m-RNA) DNA passes the information RNA during the copies DNA tocode for the process of — protein that needs to be made. Home Back to DNA F transcription G active transport H regeneration J osmosis m -RNA DNA 34 Home If the template of a strand of DNA is 5' AGATGCATC 3', the complementary strand will be — F 3' TCTACGTAG 5' Both are DNA. No 3' “U’s”. G 5' CTACGTAGA A’s go to T’s. C’s go to G’s. H 3' AGATGCATC 5' J 5' AGACGTCTA 3' 24 Back to DNA Which of these represents the DNA segment from which this section of mRNA was DNA A T C G transcribed? mRNA U A G C A ACTAAG B TCUTTG C GAAUCU D UCCTGA Home Back to DNA 33 Home Back to DNA Home Back to DNA Home Back to DNA The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that normally begins with UAC has been changed so that the newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins with UAG. Which of the following will most likely occur? A The protein will be missing the first amino acid. B The amino acids that make up the protein will all be different. C The mRNA will become attached to a ribosome. D The production of the protein will be stopped. 27 Home Back to DNA GA A AGA Home Back to DNA Use this chart for the next question. Home Back to DNA normal Mutated has one substitution. The chain above represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown above occurred? Onlyamino if there had been a deletion of 3 or more F The acid sequence would be letters. shorter than expected. AGA codes for arginine, and ACA codes for threonine. G The identity of one amino acid would change. H The amino sequence would remain AGA codes acid for arginine, and ACA codes for threonine. unchanged. J The Thisidentities can happenof more than one amino acid when only one or two letters are added or deleted. would change. 26 Home Mutations in DNA molecules can Replication occur when — F replication of DNA is exact G a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA codon H RNA codons are replaced by DNA nucleotides J a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases 22 Back to DNA Home Back to DNA Home Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations in the DNA of skin cells that have been overexposed to the sun. This mutated DNA has no effect on future offspring because — Back to DNA F changes in skin cell DNA are homozygous recessive G mutations must occur within the RNA codons H offspring reject parental skin cells J only changes to gamete DNA can be inherited 26 Genetics and Heredity Back to genetic s Home Dad = GgBb and Mom = ggBB Back to genetic s Home Definitely mom will give all offspring a “B” for green eyes. According to the table, which of the following phenotypes would probably occur in all the offspring from the parents shown above? F Solid gray fur G Striped gray fur H Green eyes J Blue eyes 40 If an organism has the genotype RrSsTtUu, what proportion of its gametes will be RSTU? RrSsTtUu ●½, 4 = 16 2 ●¼, ●1/8, Rr ●1/16. 21 = 2 Back to genetic s RrSs 22 = 4 Home RrSsTt 23 = 8 Back to genetic s Home What is a probable reason why increased uses of anitbiotics are causing more bacteria to be resistant to those antibiotics? A The bacteria get used to an antibiotic. B There are always individuals in a population that were created resistant. Those individuals and their clones are outnumbering the non-resistant strains. Back to genetic s Home A pea plant with the genotype TtWW is crossed with a pea plant with the genotype ttWw. How many different genotypes can be expressed in the offspring? F1 TW tW G2 H3 TtWW ttWW tW J4 tw TtWw ttWw 46 Back to genetic s Home What trait will most likely be observed in all offspring of the above set of parents? Back to genetic s Home The male feathers will ensure that all the offspring green. A Green Half the offspring will be carriers for yellow. B Yellow feathers Half thebeak offspring will have long beaks but will be carriers for C Long short. The other half of the offspring will have short beaks. D Short beak 53 Back to genetic s Home Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s Home Home Coat color in mice varies greatly, ranging from black to grizzly gray, black-and-white, spotted, or white. The nucleus from a body cell of Egg and sperm from black mice. a grizzly-gray mouse is fused with an egg from a black mouse from which the nucleus has been DNA added removed. The egg beginsGrizzly-gray to divide and is then transplanted into a female white mouse. What will Black mouse fertilized egg’s DNA removed. be the most likely coat color of the offspring? Back to genetic s F Black G Black with white spots H Grizzly gray J White 36 Home The diagram represents the chromosomes of aThere person with a genetic disorder caused should be 2 chromosomes by (one nondisjunction, in one which from the egg and fromthe the sperm) in all the 23 spots. chromosomes fail to separate properly. Which chromosome set displays nondisjunction? F2 G8 H 21 J 23 There are 3 chromosomes instead of two. Back to genetic s 22 Home Classification Go to: Naming Go to: Kingdoms Back to classification Home The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related to the — F spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris Things in the same clarki genus are related to G Asian flying frog, Polypedates each other. leucomystax H northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens J African bullfrog, Pyxicephalus adspersus 12 Back to classification Which of these classifications is most specific? A Family B Genus K, P, C, O, F, G, S C Phylum D Order Home Back to classification 49 Home Back to classification Home Dogs (Canis familiaris) are most closely related genetically to which of the following organisms? A African hunting dog (Lycaon pictus) B Gray wolf (Canis lupus) C Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) D Domestic cat (Felis catus) 1 Back to classification Home A laboratory investigation included examining prepared slides of pond water. Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or flagella were visible. These organisms probably belong to the kingdom — These 3 kingdoms Back to classification are normally multicellular, F Animalia though there are unicellular G Fungi some fungi, but the fungi H Plantae would not have cilia or flagella. J Protista 4 Home Back to classification One characteristic shared by a virus and a living cell is that both — F store genetic information in nucleic acids G have a crystalline structure H gain energy directly from the sun J use glucose for respiration 42 Parasites need a method of traveling from one host to another to continue their species. Home Which of the following factors helps spread disease-causing bacteria? F Low temperatures G Access to new hosts H Mutation by heat energy J Availability of light Back to classification 14 Home Back to classification This organism most likely is a member of which kingdom? F Eubacteria G Protista H Animalia J Plantae Single cell with nucleus 32 The kingdom Animalia includes all of these except — A jellyfish B sponges C amoebas D roundworms Home Back to classification Protista 31 Back to classification Home Home Multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile and obtain food from other organisms probably belong to the kingdom — Multicellular, but make their own food. A Plantae Multicellular fungi are not mobile. B Fungi C Animalia D Protista Unicellular usually. Back to classification 37 Home Some zooplankton belong to the kingdom Protista. Members of this kingdom are characterized as — Back to classification A having segmented bodies with jointed appendages B containing one or more eukaryotic cells C laying eggs with a leathery protective shell D having a four-chambered heart Kingdom Protista is mostly unicellular eukaryotes, with some multicellular plantlike organisms. 17 Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments, such as salt flats, boilinghot springs, and carbonate-rock interiors, primarily because of bacteria’s — F biochemical diversity Diversity means ‘differences’. G small sizes H round shapes J methods of movement Home Back to classification 2 Home Back to classification Square cell Nucleus Walls Chloroplasts Big center vacuole of water. The cell above most likely belongs to an organism of the kingdom — F Animalia G Plantae H Fungi J Eubacteria 38 Home Compared to annual rings of trees that have experienced years of sufficient rainfall, the annual rings of trees that have experienced a dry period will — Back to classification F be softer G grow at a faster rate H be thinner J photosynthesize at a faster rate 52 The diagram illustrates the parts of this flower. Which of these parts are not directly involved in sexual reproduction? A Stigma and style B Sepal and pedicel C Anther and filament D Receptacle and ovary Back to classification Home 3 Home Back to classification Home Back to classification Back to classification Home Home Back to classification Home Back to classification This animal most likely belongs to phylum A Porifera B Annelida This animal is segmented but these are NOT jointed legs. C Mollusca D Arthropoda 53 Home Back to systems Body systems Home Back to systems Nutrients from digested food Home move from the digestive system directly into the — Back to systems A circulatoryBlood system B integumentary system Skin/hair/nails C excretory Urine/kidneys system D endocrineHormones system 29 Home Back to systems Which system of the body would be directly affected if a large number of T cells were attacked by a virus? A Cardiovascular Blood system and heart B Immune system White blood cells C EndocrineHormones system D Respiratory system Breathing/lungs 41 Home Back to systems The diagram represents a human arm. Which structure is most responsible for moving the arm to a straighter position? A Tendons of origin B Biceps C Radius When a muscle contracts, D Triceps it gets shorter. 29 Home A portion of the human excretory system is represented in the diagram. The order in which urine flows through the system is — F urethra → bladder → ureter → kidney G ureter → kidney → bladder → urethra H kidney → ureter → bladder → urethra J bladder → urethra → kidney → ureter Back to systems Ureter Urethra 16 Which structure in the upper arm is responsible for raising the lower arm? A1 B2 C3 D4 1. Anchor of a muscle. Home Back to systems 2. Tendons of a muscle. 3. Muscle that gets shorter. 4. Anchor of the muscle. 17 Home Back to systems Your arms and legs are limbs. You extend (move) your limbs when your muscles contract. Which of the following is directly caused by muscle action? F Regeneration of nerves G Healing of wounds H Release of hormones J Extension of limbs 6 Home Which system is responsible for producing enzymes that aid in breaking down substances to be absorbed for the body’s growth and repair? Back to systems Makes food small enough to be absorbed by blood F Digestive system and needful cells. Makes gametes and sometimes nourishment for the G Reproductive system young. Place of of mineral exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Place storage, blood cell production, H Respiratory system muscle attachment, protection of organs, means of J Skeletal system mobility. 48 Home Back to systems A ruler placed between one student’s fingers and thumb is released without warning. A second student catches the ruler. The distance the ruler falls is recorded. This experiment is most likely designed to determine the — F effects of stress on the first student’s heart rate G acceleration of the ruler during its fall H second student’s reaction time to a stimulus J force applied on a falling mass 46 Home The medulla, part of the brain stem, reacts quickly to increased levels of CO2 in the blood and stimulates a response from the — The kidneys react to other wastes in blood. A excretory system The white blood cells react to pathogens. B immune system lungs react to the system muscles which react to the brain. CTherespiratory The skin reacts to the hypothalamus(themostat.) D integumentary system 25 Back to systems Home Back to systems Which body system is directly responsible for delivering nutrients to cells throughout the body? A Circulatory system B Integumentary system C Endocrine system D Respiratory system 47 All of the following symptoms Home are likely associated with bacterial infection except — F skin rashes or lesions All 3 of these things can happen when you G elevated body temperature are fighting a bacterial infection. H swollen glands or tissues You build more white blood cells in response to infections, J increased NOT red blood cells. red blood cell count 18 Back to systems Home Back to systems Home Back to systems Home Back to systems Home Back to systems Home Back to systems Home Back to systems Endocrine cells of a gland skeletal cells in a bone Muscle cells on a bone In the diagram above, one cell creates and releases chemicals that travel to a second cell and quickly induce that cell into action. This diagram represents part of the — A endocrine system B skeletal system C muscular system D nervous system 51 When a person is frightened by a wild animal, some organ systems immediately become active, while others are suppressed. Which of these systems is likely to be suppressed? F Muscular system G Respiratory system Hormones system H Endocrine J Digestive system Home Back to systems 28 Home Back to systems Home Back to systems