Download Nature VS nurture

NATURE VS NURTURE
EXPLAINING DIFFERENCES/ EXPLAINING
SIMILARITIES
QUESTION
If it were possible, would you want to take a
genetic test telling you which diseases you are
likely to suffer from later in life?
If you or your partner were pregnant- would you
want the unborn child tested for genetic defects?
NATURE
WHEN BIOLOGY
DETERMINES
CHARACTERISTIC'S
Biological
determinism
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE GENES
The Tower of London
46 Books
23 donated by mother
23 donated by father
Books are Chromosomes
Each chromosome is made
up of one DNA molecule
Gene=any group of DNA
creating instructions for a
specific biochemical unit
25-30,000 genes per
chromosome
MECHANISMS OF HEREDITY
Genotype
Complete set of
genes one has
inherited
Phenotype
Combination of
genotype and
environmental influences
that result in the actual
expression of traits
-physical
-behavioral
-psychological
DOMINANT VS. RECESSIVE GENES
Dominant genes
Recessive genes
Characteristic is
always present
Two recessive genes
must be paired in order
for the characteristic to
be present
CONSIDER DOLLY….
Would a human
clone’s adult
personality mimic the
person donating the
genetic code?
or
Would he/she be
unique?
HEREDITY=WHEN BIOLOGY
DETERMINES CHARACTERISTICS
Genetic Predisposition
Genetic Determinism
Humans are born with a
likelihood toward certain
characteristics
Does not mean “Born with”
Usually needs something
from the environment to
activate- (diathesis-stress
model)
Common genetic
predispositions….body
weight-alcoholismAlzheimer’s-Schizophrenia
• The idea that genes
determine characteristics
• Genotype= “full” heredity
• Phenotype= “observed”
properties
• Common genetic
abnormalities.. Down
Syndrome, Williams
Syndrome, Color blindness,
PKU
STILL CONFUSED?
Heritability
Body Weight
• Refers to the
amount of
Difference between
individuals …
that seem to be
accounted for by
heredity.
• IF body weight was 40%
heritability it would NOT
mean that 40% of your
body weight comes from
genetics…. But that 40% of
the difference between
you and some other
individual seems due to
genetics
HOW DO GENES AND THE
ENVIRONMENT INTERACT?
PKU=
Phenylketonuria
Occurs when parents
pass along a
defective gene
How Similar Are We?
How do we know?
IDENTICAL
TWINS REARED
APART…
The
Minnesota
Twin Study
ADOPTION
STUDIES
Characteristics more
similar to biological
parents..
With some
exceptions.. Faith,
values, manners,
attitude.
YOUR “GENETIC” OR “CORE” OF YOUR
PERSONALITY
IS YOUR TEMPERAMENT
• The Easy child
• The Difficult child
• The Slow-to-warm-up child
“Life is like a game of cards. The
hand that is dealt you presents
determinism; the way you play it is
free will.”
Nehru
THE ENVIRONMENT
(AND OUR
EXPERIENCES)
SHAPE US…
Nurture
NATURE ENABLES NURTURE
AND NURTURE ENABLES NATURE
Critical Period: An important time in
development where development
needs to happen or it will be delayed or
dysfunctional
Prenatal influences: German measles,
birth defects, teratogens, fetal alcohol
syndrome
GENES AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACT
DYNAMICALLY
A child’s genotype (shyness) may
affect the environments and
experiences they
seek……extremely shy children
may avoid interactions with peers
or be afraid of asking teachers for
help
EXPERIENCE AND BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT… IT’S COMPLICATED
Impoverished Environment
The Somerville
Project
Enriched Environment
Abecedarian
Project