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Macromolecule:
Nucleic acid:
- what?
structure?
- m?
monomer?
- p?
function?
Protein:
example
structure?
carbohydrate
monomer?
structure
function?
monomer
example
function
Lipid
example
structure
Enzymes:
monomer
function
example
- what
- function to
What causes tomatoes to ripen much more
slowly in a refrigerator than they do if left on
a table at room temperature?
a. tomatoes need sunlight to ripen
b. humidity accelerates the ripening process
c. low temperatures reduce the action of
ripening enzymes
d. enzymes produced by bacteria inhibit
ripening
There are many different enzymes located in
the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a
specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific
reaction?
a. different enzymes are synthesized in
specific areas of the cytoplasm
b. most enzymes can catalyze many
different reactions
c. an enzyme binds to a specific substrate
(reactant) for the reactions catalyzed.
d. enzymes are transported to specific
Some snake bites are harmful because they
contain
enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues.
The
damage caused by such a snake bite could be
best
slowed by ?
a. applying ice to the bite area
b. drinking large amounts of water
c. inducing vomiting
d. increasing blood flow to the area
Maltose can be broke down into glucose
molecules
by the enzyme maltase. Which of the following
would slow the reaction rate?
a. adding maltase
b. adding maltose
c. removing glucose
d. diluting with water
P…
E…
-
Organelle:
-nucleus
-structure
-function
-endoplasmic reticulum
-structure
-types
-functions
-mitochondria
-structure
-function
- chloroplast
-structure
-function
-found in
- golgi apparatus
-structure
-function
1. On the pH scale numbers higher than 7
represent?
a. acid
b. base
c. neutral
d. none of the above
2. An environmental signal to which an
organism responds is a(n)
a. stimulus
b. inference
c. manipulated variable
d. responding variable
3. Organic molecules consisting of nucleotides
made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a
phosphate group are called:
a. carbohydrates
b. nucleic acids
c. proteins
d. steroids
4. What macromolecule is shown in
the diagram ?
a. carbohydrate
b. lipid
c. protein
d. nucleic acid
5. In the graph, which reaction is
catalyzed by an enzyme?
a. A
b. B
c. Both
d. None
6. Which of the following is not a
carbohydrate?
a. sugars
b. starches
c. fatty acids
d. cellulose
7. Which of the following is an example of a
prokaryote?
a. amoeba
b. virus
c. bacteria
d. all of these are prokaryotes
8. The organelle that consists of a stack of
membranes and serves to process and
package proteins for secretion is the
a. mitochondria
b. enodplasmic reticulum
c. lysosome
d. Golgi Apparatus
3
2
5
4
1
9.
Refer to the diagram.
The smooth endoplasmic
reticulum functions to?
a. detoxify lipids (drugs)
b. make proteins
c. package proteins
d. combine proteins with
lipids to make enzymes
10. Refer to the diagram. The rough
endoplasmic reticulum _______?
a. is the site of carbohydrate formation
b. is the site of lipid formation
c. assists in protein synthesis
d. none of these
11. The above cell is probably an animal cell because it has?
a.
It has mitochondria
b.
It does not have a cell wall
c.
It has a cell membrane
d.
It does not have a nucleus
?
Has
Is surrounded by
contains
A well-defined
nuclear
membrane
DNA
A rigid coat of
cellulose
mitochondria
chloroplast
Which of these best completes this concept map?
a. an animal cell
b. a prokaryotic cell
c. a virus
d. a plant cell
Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic
cells because eukaryotic cells ?
a. are much smaller
b. have permeable membranes
c. have a higher rate of reproduction
d. have nuclei
Which organelle is responsible for packaging the
proteins that the cell secretes ?
a. cytoskeleton
b. Golgi apparatus
c. lysosome
d. ribosome
A cell from a heart muscle would probably have an
unusually high proportion of?
a. lysosomes
b. mitochondria
c. mRNA
d. Golgi bodies
The diagram to the left
shows a cell that has a cell
wall and free floating DNA.
What type of cell is this one
most likely to be?
a. prokaryotic
b. eukaryotic
c. viral
d. animal
Organelle:
-lysosome
-structure
-function
-centrioles
-structure
-types
-functions
-ribosomes
-structure
-function
Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
Cell Membrane:
-structure
-function
- semi-permeable
- fluid mosaic model
-Membrane movement
-concentration
-active
-passive
-d
-o
-facilitated
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass
through. Because other substances are blocked
from entering this membrane is called?
a. perforated
b. semi-permeable
c. non-conductive
d. permeable
The plasma membrane ?
a. protein molecules arranged in two layers with
polar areas forming the outside of the membrane
b. two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar
tails forming the interior of the membrane
c. lipid molecules positioned between two
carbohydrate layers
d. protein molecules with polar and nonpolar tails
All cells are surrounded by membranes. The main role
of the cell membrane is to ?
a. regulate the cell’s interactions with the
environment.
b. release any type of molecule out of the cell
c. arrange the cell’s organelles in the cytoplasm
d. prevent water from leaking out of the cell
What type of molecule embedded in the cell
membrane allows larger molecules to pass through
the membrane by active transport?
a. phospholipid
b. proteins
c. ATP
d. carbohydrates
Osmosis is the movement of water across a cell
membrane. In osmosis, water molecules move
between phospholipids and toward areas that have
a lower concentration of water molecules. Osmosis
is a type of
a. diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. active transport
d. fluid mosaic model
Cellular Respiration
- what ?
- equation
-Glycolysis:
-breaks down
-aerobic vs. anaerobic
-takes place in
-Krebs cycle
-breaks down
- takes place in
-functions
-Electron transport chain
-breaks down
-takes place in
- results
Photosynthesis:
-what?
- equation
-occurs where
-Stage I – Light Dependent
- where?
- Stage II- Light Independent
- where?
- also called?
Which molecule in plant cells first captures the
radiant energy from sunlight?
a. glucose
b. carbon dioxide
c. chlorophyll
d. adenosine triphosphate
The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is?
a. light-dependent
b. temperature-dependent
c. glucose-driven
d. ATP-driven
In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle (citric acid
cycle) takes place in
a. chloroplasts
b. nuclei
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria
Sugar + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ____
The diagram above describes the process of
cellular respiration. During this process, cells use
sugar and oxygen to form carbon dioxide and
water, and to produce usable form of energy. What
is the missing product in the equation above?
a. mitochondria
b. ATP
c. sugar
d. sunlight
Carbon monoxide is a gas that has one carbon atom
bonded with one oxygen atom (CO). When inhaled,
carbon monoxide is deadly because it prevents red
blood cells from carrying oxygen to other cells in the
body. Without oxygen, cells cannot undergo?
a. cellular respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. DNA replication
d. passive transport
In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle (citric acid
cycle) takes place in
a. chloroplasts
b. nuclei
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria
1. The organelle associated with aerobic cellular
respiration is:
a. chloroplasts
b. mitochondria
c. golgi apparatus
d. vacuoles
Reactants (water,
carbon dioxide)
Go into the
chloroplasts
Which forms?
2. The illustration to
the left diagrams
photosynthesis
occuring in the
chloroplast. What
products are
formed by
photosynthesis?
a.
Carbon dioxide
and energy
b.
Water and oxygen
c.
Chlorophyll and
carbon dioxide
d.
Sugar and oxygen
Products????
3. Referring to the diagram above we
can observe that there are many
more Na ions outside the neuron
than inside and that there are many
more K ions inside the neuron than
outside. This results in what is called
a. concentration gradient
b. equilibrium of molecules
c. passive diffusion
d. exocytosis
4. The cell membrane consists of
a.
Two protein layers
b.
Two carbohydrate layers
c.
Two lipid layers
d.
A slid mass of lipids
5. Ribosomes are the site of a cells
a.
Energy release
b.
Digestion
c.
Gas exchange
d.
Protein synthesis
6. During photosynthesis the light dependent reactions
take place in
a.
Thylakoid membrane
b.
Stroma
c.
Double membrane
d.
None of these
7. Which of the following best describes the function
of photosynthesis?
a.
To convert energy from sunlight into the
stored chemical energy of sugar
b.
To release energy from sugar into the
atmosphere
c.
To produce water for plants to use in
photosynthesis
d.
To dispose of carbon dioxide that builds up by
digesting food
8. In photosynthesis light independent reactions are
also called the
a.
Calvin cycle
b.
Krebs Cycle
c.
Water cycle
d.
Photosynthesis II cycle
9. 6CO2 + 6 H20 + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
The formula represents the process of ?
a.
Cellular respiration
b.
Independent respiration
c.
Photosynthesis
d.
Cell respiration
10. C6H12O6 represents?
a.
Water
b.
Carbon dioxide
c.
Glucose
d.
Energy
11. The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout
the body. In order to perform its function, the
heart requires a lot of energy. Which of the
following would the heart need the most of in
order to get the energy it needs to pump blood
throughout the body?
a.
Lysosomes
b.
Mitochondria
c.
DNA
d.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitosis:
-what?
-type of cell
- chromosomes
- type of chromosomes
- how many
-p
-m
-a
-t
Meiosis:
- what?
- type of cells
- steps
-results
- crossing over?
- what?
- when?
-type of chromosomes? #?
DNA
- stands for
- duplicates by
- base pairs
- bond
- coil called?
- semi-conservative replication?
Mutations
- duplication
- deletion
- inversion
- translocation
- effects
Differentiation
- what
-importance?
Central Dogma:
- DNA RNA __________
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
- transcription?
-what
- where
- codons?
- base pairing rules
- translation
- what
- where
- anticodons
- codon chart
1.
1.
This process is known as:
3. Which of the following best describes
meiosis?
a.
Meiosis
•
b.
Mitosis
It is carried out in all tissues that
require cell replacement
c.
Endocytosis
•
It occurs only in cells in the
reproductive structures in organisms
d.
Phagocytosis.
•
It happens in all tissues except the brain
and spinal cord
•
It is the first stage of mitosis
2. Which of the following statements
correctly describes meiosis?
a.
Cells divide only once during
meiosis
b.
Meiosis does not occur in
reproductive cells
c.
The cells produced at the end of
meiosis are genetically identical
to the parent
d.
The cells produced at the end of
meiosis contain half
4. The diagram above shows homologous
chromosomes during prophase I of
meiosis. Which of the following
correctly describes the process being
illustrated?
•
Mutation in which the DNA content
of the gene is altered
•
Segregation of sister chromatids
•
Condensation and segregation of
alleles
•
Crossing-over in which alleles are
exchanged
7. A scientist puts the
5. Which of the following sequences
nucleotide chains of
UUUUUU in a test tube
represents chromosome number
under conditions
during fertilization?
allowing protein
a. n+n  2n
synthesis. Soon the test
tube is full of
b. 2n n+n
polypeptide chains
composed of only the
c. N n
amino acid
phenylalanine. What
d. 2n –> 2n
does this experiment
6. 5’ ATCAGCGCTGGC 3’
indicate?
The above sequence of DNA is part of •
a gene. How many amino acids
are coded for by this segment?
a.
4
b.
8
c.
12
d.
20
8.. The table below lists the typical diploid number of
chromosomes of several different organism.
Diploid number of chromosomes
Goldfish
94
Potato
48
Human
46
Pea
14
Fruit fly
8
The amino acid
phenylalanine is
composed of uracil
Which of the following is the best explanation for why the
chromosome number is an even number in each of these
organisms?
•
UUU codes fro the
amino acid
phenylalanine
a.
It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have an
odd number of chromosomes
•
Protein syntheis
malfunctions in a test
tube
b.
The diploid chromosome number is always even so that
when mitosis occurs each new cell gets the same number
of chromosomes
•
c.
Most proteins contain
one type of amino acid
d.
The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of
chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an
even number
Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after
the first division, the number is always even.
9. Which of these would most likely
cause a mutation?
12. Although there are a limited
number of amino acids,
many different types of
proteins exist because the
a.
The placement of ribosomes on
the endoplasmic reticulum
•
Size of a given amino acid
can vary
b.
The insertion of a nucleotide into
DNA
•
Chemical composition of a
given amino acid can vary
•
Sequence and number of
amino acids is different
•
Same amino acids can have
many different properties
c.
d.
The movement of transfer of
RNA out of the nucleus
The release of messenger RNA
from DNA
10. Using the codon chart. A strand
of mRNA containing the
repeating sequence
AAGAAGAAGAAg could code
for which of the following amino
acid sequences?
11. One human disease is caused by a
change in one codon in a gene
from GAA to GUA. This disease
is the result of
a.
Mutation
a.
lys-arg-glu-lys
b.
A meiosis error
b.
Ser-ser-glu-glu
c.
Crossing-over
c.
Lys-arg-lys-arg
d.
polyploidy
13. The clear protein of an egg
white becomes opaque and
firm when cooked because
the heat?
•
Mutates the DNA
•
Turns the protein into
carbohydrates
•
Stops protein formation
•
Changes the protein
structure
14. Which of the following base pair
16. A base sequence is shown below.
sequences could be produced in DNA
ACAGTCG
replication?
How would the base sequence be coded on
•
5’ AGTCUT 3’
mRNA?
3’ TCUGTA 5’
•
TGTCACG
b. 5’ AGTCAT 3’
•
GUGACAU
3’ TCAGTA 5’
•
UGUCACG
c.
5’ AGTCAT 3’
•
CACUGUA
3’ CTGACG5’
17. Semi-conservative replication of DNA
d. 5’ AGTCAT 3’
refers to the idea that
3’ UCAGUA 5’
15. 5’ GTA _ _ _ AA 3’
3’ CAT GCATT 5’
•
DNA molecules need to unwind before
duplication begins.
•
Each new DNA molecule contains tow
new single RNA strands
This segment of DNA has undergone a
•
mutation in which three nucleotides
have been deleted. A repair enzyme
would replace them with
•
a.
CGT
b.
GCA
c.
CTG
d.
GTA
The two strands of DNA molecules run
in opposite directions
Each half of the original DNA
molecule is joined with a new
complementary DNA strand.
7. The statements below are steps
in the process of protein
synthesis. Put the letters
representing each statement in
the correct order, from start
1.
What do the boxed chromosomes
represent?
4. In the RNA molecule, the nitrogen base adenine
to finish.
is always complementary to what other
nitrogen base?
a. mRNA moves along the
a.
A base pair of DNA
a.
a.
b.
Fertilization of gametes
b.
Guanine
c.
Anaphase of mitosis
c.
Thymine
d.
Homologous chromosomes
d.
Uracil
ribosome so the next
anticodon is paired with
its codon
Cytosine
2.
5. In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA
must travel to the
Which occurs in meiosis but not mitosis?
a.
Random chromosome segregation
b.
Formation of haploid cells
c.
Crossing over
d.
All of these
a. ribosomes
b.
mRNA moves out of
the nucleus to a
ribosome
c.
tRNA brings an amino
acid in the cytoplasm to
the codon on the
ribosome
d.
mRNA is released at a
“stop” codon when the
amino acid chain is
complete
b. lac operon
c. RNA polymerase
d. heterochromatin
6. During translation in eukaryotes, anticodons
3. What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?a.
Never bind to the mRNA codons.
a.
Offspring are identical to parents
Assist in the assembly of fats
b.
Sexual reproduction happens more rapidly c.
c.
Genetic variation increases
d.
Sexual reproduction often produces more
b.
d.
a.
A, B, C, D
b.
B, A, D, C
Ensure that each amino acid is delivered in the
c.
proper order by binding to a codon on
mRNA.
B, C, A, D
Consist of a five-nucleotide sequence at one
end of th transfer RNA molecule
-genotype
Genetics:
-what
- homozygous
- example
- what
- example
- Allele
-What
- heterozygous
-Example
- what
- example
Punnett Squares
Cross
- dominant
- what
Parent
- example
Offspring
Dihybrid
- recessive
- what
- example
- phenotype
- what
- example
Law of segregation
Genetic Engineering
Law of independent
assortment
-Recombinant DNA
Sex-linked traits
- Benefits
1. If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, 3. In fruit flies, the gene fro red eyes (R) is
5. Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal
what are the possible genetic
dominant and the gene for sepia eyes (r)
gene that can occur in the dominant form, (B)
combinations that could be present in
is recessive. What are the possible
or the recessive form, (b). The length of the
a single grain of pollen from this plant?
combinations of genes in the offspring of
cat’s fur is controlled by another autosomal
two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?
gene that occurs in the dominant form (S), or
a. Ty, ty
the recessive form (s). The table below shows
a.
RR only
b.TY, ty
the traits for these allele codes.
b. rr only
c. TY, Ty, ty
Gene
Trait
c.
Rr and rr only
d. Ty, ty, tY, TY
B
black fur
d. RR, Rr, and rr only
2. Based only on sex chromosomes in
b
white fur
typical human egg and sperm 4. In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to
S
short hair
cells at fertilization, the
a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene,
probability of producing a
and normal hearing is due to its
s
long hair
female is?
dominant allele (D). What percentage of
the offspring of a normal heterozygous The following genotypes were found in a male cat
a. 25%
and a female cat.
(Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be
b. 50%
expected to have normal hearing?
BbSs (male) bbSS (female)
c. 75%
a.
0%
d. 90%
b.
25%
Which one of the following choices is true of the
phenotype of offspring from these parents?
c.
50%
a.
All offspring have black fur
d.
100%
b.
All offspring will have white fur
c.
All offspring will have long hair
d.
All offspring will have short hair
1.
If a human baby boy inherits a
recessive allele from his mother, in
which circumstance would he most
likely show the trait coded for by the
recessive allele?
3. Genetic engineering has
produced goats whose milk
contains proteins that can be
used as medicines. This effect
was produced by:
a.
The baby inherits the dominant
allele from the mother
a.
Mixing foreign genes into the
milk
b.
The allele is on an autosomal
chromosome and the baby is a twin
b.
Injecting foreign genes into
the goats udders
c.
The allele is on the X chromosome
c.
d.
The allele is on the Y chromosome
Inserting foreign genes into
the fertilized goat eggs
d.
Genetically modifying the
nutritional needs of the
goats’ offspring.
2. The bacterium Agrobacterium
tumefaciens infects plants, and a
portion of its DNA is inserted into
the plant’s chromosomes. This
causes the plant to produce gall cells,
which manufacture amino acids that
the bacterium uses as food. This
process is a natural example of
a.
Polyploidy
b.
Genetic manipulation
c.
Grafting
d.
hybridization
1.
What factor determines the sex of an individual?
a.
The female egg’s X chromosome
b.
The male sperms X or Y chromosome
c.
Both the male and female gametes’
chromosomes
d.
None of these
2. What causes some traits to occur most often in
males?
What is the general term
for direct
manipulation of
genes?
An allele that appears only when the
dominant allele is absent (not there) is
called:
a.
Heterozygous
a.
Gene sequencing
b.
Homozygygous
b.
Hybridization
c.
Dominant
c.
Gene expression
d.
Recessive
d.
Genetic engineering
a.
Heterozygous alleless
b.
Homozygous alleles
c.
Incomplete dominance
If a parent homozygous dominant for a traits
is crossed with a parent that is
homozygous recessive for that trait what
would be the probability that their
offspring would be homozygous
recessive?
d.
Sex-linked traits
a.
0%
3. Since the allele for colorblindness is located on the
X chromosome, colorblindness
b.
25%
c.
50%
a.
Cannot be inherited
d.
100%
b.
Occurs only in adults
c.
Is sex-linked
The combining of DNA from 2 different
organisms is called:
d.
None of the above
a.
Gel electrophoresis
b.
Polymerase chain reaction
c.
Recombinant DNA
d.
Selective breeding