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Ethics in Biotechnology Leadership and Ethics Professor Kent Rhodes Angela Copeland Martin Proctor Kelly Van der Sande July 27, 2005 MBAM 685.13 Ethics in Biotechnology • Some Hot Topics - Gene Therapy - Genetically Modified Food • Stem Cell Research - Dilemma Introduction to Stem Cells Global Stem Cell Views Religious Issues Hosmers Model Some Hot Topics: Gene Therapy • 2,800 Genetic Disorders: - Huntington, cystis fibrosis, hemophilia • 2 Types Gene Therapy: - Somatic gene therapy - Germline gene therapy Some Hot Topics: Gene Therapy Some Hot Topics: Gene Therapy • Legislation: - FDA : No approved products at this moment - EU : Regulatory directives, national interpretation • Ethical Considerations: - Playing God ? Perfecting Genes ? - Somatic vs. Germline gene therapy - Money, Money, Money ! - Racism, Eugenics Some Hot Topics: Genetically Modified Food • “food product containing some quantity of any genetically modified organism (GMO) as an ingredient” • Direct & Indirect Benefits • ‘Golden Rice’ , Flavr Savr ™ Tomato Some Hot Topics: Genetically Modified Food • Legislation: - FDA : Voluntary Consultation - EU : Some blanket bans, national interpretation • Ethical Considerations: - Unnatural ? Dangerous for humans & environment - Industrialization, Corporate Control - Interfering with Nature ? - Animal genes in plants & vice versa Ethics in Biotechnology • Some Hot Topics - Gene Therapy - Genetically Modified Food • Stem Cell Research - Dilemma Introduction to Stem Cells Global Stem Cell Views Religious Issues Hosmers Model Stem Cell Research: Dilemma • Biotechnology: Stem Cells • Dilemma: – Protecting the unborn child – Vs. – Cure diseases and save many lives Stem Cell Research: Introduction to Stem Cells • Embryonic Stem Cells – Transforms into any type of cell – In a Petri dish • Umbilical Cord (“Child”) Stem Cells – From placenta / umbilical cord – “Stem Cell Bank” • Adult Stem Cells – More specialized stem cells – Difficult to locate, slower growth rate, higher rejection rate Stem Cell Research: Global Stem Cell views • US: Various levels of allowance • UK: Specific uses allowed • Countries that provide gov’t funding for research: US, UK, South Korea, China, Australia, Israel, Singapore, Argentina, Uruguay, Sweden • Countries that allow research without government funding: Switzerland, Finland, Greece, Brazil, Netherlands Stem Cell Research: Religious Issues • Legal set up = major religion • Cathololic Church – NO WAY UNDER ANY SITUATION – The soul is one with the body • Anglican Church – Yes up till 14 days or split – Not an individual till that moment Stem Cell Research: Religious Issues • Islam – Not ensoled untill 40/120 days – Embryos not in their own environment – will die – A duty to try and save life • Judaism – Religious law should protect life – Embryo will die so use it, can break commandments in order to save life Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Benefits ? - Patients - Governments - Pharmaceutical companies - Research Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Harmed ? - Fetus - Other Projects Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Rights fully exercised ? - Patients - Scientists - Doctors Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Rights denied ? - Religious Groups - None Religious Pro-Life Groups - Fetus Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model Ethical Problem ? Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Economic Outcomes ? - Healthcare savings - Less money for other projects? - For whom? - Re-enter workforce - Greying population Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Legal Requirements ? - Research (42 countries) - U.K. (cloning embryos) - Medical Research (U.K., Belgium, Singapore & Japan) - Future considerations! Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Ethical Duties ? - Relieve suffering of patients - Education - Funding medical research Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model • Team Consensus ? - Not a human being (14 days) - Education - Increase funding medical research - Legal framework - Wide availabillity - Stem cell bank Personal bank Ethics in Biotechnology Leadership and Ethics Professor Kent Rhodes Angela Copeland Martin Proctor Kelly Van der Sande July 27, 2005 MBAM 685.13