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Ethics in Biotechnology
Leadership and Ethics
Professor Kent Rhodes
Angela Copeland
Martin Proctor
Kelly Van der Sande
July 27, 2005
MBAM 685.13
Ethics in Biotechnology
• Some Hot Topics
- Gene Therapy
- Genetically Modified Food
• Stem Cell Research
-
Dilemma
Introduction to Stem Cells
Global Stem Cell Views
Religious Issues
Hosmers Model
Some Hot Topics: Gene Therapy
• 2,800 Genetic Disorders:
- Huntington, cystis fibrosis, hemophilia
• 2 Types Gene Therapy:
- Somatic gene therapy
- Germline gene therapy
Some Hot Topics: Gene Therapy
Some Hot Topics: Gene Therapy
• Legislation:
- FDA : No approved products at this moment
- EU : Regulatory directives, national interpretation
• Ethical Considerations:
- Playing God ? Perfecting Genes ?
- Somatic vs. Germline gene therapy
- Money, Money, Money !
- Racism, Eugenics
Some Hot Topics: Genetically Modified Food
• “food product containing some quantity of any genetically
modified organism (GMO) as an ingredient”
• Direct & Indirect Benefits
• ‘Golden Rice’ , Flavr Savr ™ Tomato
Some Hot Topics: Genetically Modified Food
• Legislation:
- FDA : Voluntary Consultation
- EU : Some blanket bans, national interpretation
• Ethical Considerations:
- Unnatural ? Dangerous for humans & environment
- Industrialization, Corporate Control
- Interfering with Nature ?
- Animal genes in plants & vice versa
Ethics in Biotechnology
• Some Hot Topics
- Gene Therapy
- Genetically Modified Food
• Stem Cell Research
-
Dilemma
Introduction to Stem Cells
Global Stem Cell Views
Religious Issues
Hosmers Model
Stem Cell Research: Dilemma
• Biotechnology: Stem Cells
• Dilemma:
– Protecting the unborn child
– Vs.
– Cure diseases and save many lives
Stem Cell Research: Introduction to Stem Cells
• Embryonic Stem Cells
– Transforms into any type of cell
– In a Petri dish
• Umbilical Cord (“Child”) Stem
Cells
– From placenta / umbilical cord
– “Stem Cell Bank”
• Adult Stem Cells
– More specialized stem cells
– Difficult to locate, slower
growth rate, higher rejection
rate
Stem Cell Research: Global Stem Cell views
• US: Various levels of allowance
• UK: Specific uses allowed
• Countries that provide gov’t funding for research: US,
UK, South Korea, China, Australia, Israel, Singapore,
Argentina, Uruguay, Sweden
• Countries that allow research without government
funding: Switzerland, Finland, Greece, Brazil,
Netherlands
Stem Cell Research: Religious Issues
• Legal set up = major religion
• Cathololic Church
– NO WAY UNDER ANY SITUATION
– The soul is one with the body
• Anglican Church
– Yes up till 14 days or split
– Not an individual till that moment
Stem Cell Research: Religious Issues
• Islam
– Not ensoled untill 40/120 days
– Embryos not in their own environment – will die
– A duty to try and save life
• Judaism
– Religious law should protect life
– Embryo will die so use it, can break commandments
in order to save life
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Benefits ?
- Patients
- Governments
- Pharmaceutical companies
- Research
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Harmed ?
- Fetus
- Other Projects
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Rights fully exercised ?
- Patients
- Scientists
- Doctors
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Rights denied ?
- Religious Groups
- None Religious Pro-Life Groups
- Fetus
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
Ethical Problem ?
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Economic Outcomes ?
- Healthcare savings
- Less money for other projects?
- For whom?
- Re-enter workforce
- Greying population
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Legal Requirements ?
- Research (42 countries)
- U.K. (cloning embryos)
- Medical Research (U.K., Belgium, Singapore &
Japan)
- Future considerations!
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Ethical Duties ?
- Relieve suffering of patients
- Education
- Funding medical research
Stem Cell Research: Hosmer’s Model
• Team Consensus ?
- Not a human being (14 days)
- Education
- Increase funding medical research
- Legal framework
- Wide availabillity
- Stem cell bank
Personal bank
Ethics in Biotechnology
Leadership and Ethics
Professor Kent Rhodes
Angela Copeland
Martin Proctor
Kelly Van der Sande
July 27, 2005
MBAM 685.13