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Choose a category. Click to begin. Click here for Final Jeopardy Red Bull Gimme Sum Perfect Fit Green Ebony & Ivory Sugar Coma I’m Getting Chocolate Wasted 10 Point 10 Point 10 Point 10 Point 10 Point 10 Point 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 30 Points 30 Points 30 Points 30 Points 30 Points 30 Points 40 Points 40 Points 40 Points 40 Points 40 Points 40 Points 50 Points 50 Points 50 Points 50 Points 50 Points 50 Points Red Bull 10 Name the 1st and 2nd Law of thermodynamics Red Bull 10: Answer 1st: Energy cannot be created or destroyed ONLY transformed or transferred. 2nd: Every energy transfer increases entropy (disorder) of the universe. Red Bull 20 Describe catabolism and anabolism in terms of 1)What happens 2)energy usage Red Bull 20: Answer C: breaking down / releases energy A: building / requires energy Red Bull 30 Explain the three types of work performed by living cells Red Bull 30: Answer Mechanical: movement of organelles or chromosomes Transport: movement of molecules across a membrane Metabolic: catabolism/anabolism Red Bull 40 In each ETC, we see both kinetic and potential energy. Identify the source of each in this reaction. Red Bull 40: Answer Kinetic: energy of movement (H+ moving through ATP Synthase provides energy to bond Pi with ADP Potential: Creation of an H+ concentration gradient by movement and energy of electrons transferred through membrane proteins Red Bull 50 What are the components of the ATP molecule and where is the energy stored? Red Bull 50: Answer Ribose sugar and adenine base with 3 negative phosphates Energy is stored in the bonds between phosphates Perfect Fit 10 Explain the term “induced fit” Perfect Fit 10: Answer Enzymes are selective in what they will work with. Fit like a latex glove stretching to conform to your hand. Shape of active site is same as substrate. Perfect Fit 20 Tell me two things you learned about enzymes from our lobby/outdoor activity Perfect Fit 20: Answer 1) Enzymes do not become consumed by the reaction 2) Enzymes concentration affects the rate of a reaction 3) Enzyme can only bond if required substrates are present (odd number?) 4) Enzymes are specific to the active site and substrate (left to left) Perfect Fit 30 Name two factors that can affect an enzymes ability to catalyze Perfect Fit 30: Answer Temperature pHor pOH Salt concentration Inhibitors Perfect Fit 40 What is an allosteric site? Perfect Fit 40: Answer Means different shape Acts as an on/off switch for the enzyme Can close or open the active site Perfect Fit 50 Explain the two types of inhibitors Perfect Fit 50: Answer Competitive: compete for the active site (similar shape), slow down the reaction Non-competitive: bond outside active site and change shape of active site, reaction stops completely Bonus: WHAT IS THIS OTHER SITE CALLED? Gimme Sum Green 10 Light travels in units of energy called… Gimme Sum Green 10 Answer: Photons Gimme Sum Green 20 What colors are reflected by a cloroplast? What colors are absorbed? Gimme Sum Green 20 Answer Reflected: green & yellow Absorbed: red & blue Gimme Sum Green 30 What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Gimme Sum Green 30 Answer 6CO2 + 6 H2O + LIGHT ENERGY C6H12O6 + 6O2 Gimme Sum Green 40 Draw and label a chloroplast Gimme Sum Green 40 Answer Gimme Sum Green 50 Why is the structure of a chloroplast so important/necessary? Gimme Sum Green 50 Answer Individual thylakoids create increased surface areamore ETCs possible Double membrane created by thylakoids allows for creation of concentration gradient for H+ Ebony & Ivory 10 Name the two steps of photosynthesis and list where they occur (Chloroplast is not the answer!!) Ebony & Ivory 10 Answer Light Reaction—thylakoid membrane Calvin Cycle—stroma Ebony & Ivory 20 Off of what atom do we get the original 2 electrons to start the ETC of step 1? And where do we find this original molecule? Ebony & Ivory 20 Answer Magnesium From the center of molecule of chlorophyll A in PSII Ebony & Ivory 30 Name the three steps of the Calvin cycle in order. BONUS: Name the scientist that discovered the calvin cycle Ebony & Ivory 30 Answer 1.Carbon Fixation 2.Reduction 3.Regeneration BONUS: Melvin Calvin Ebony & Ivory 40 Part of the ETC is active transport and part of it is passive transport. Identify each part and explain your reasoning. Ebony & Ivory 40 Answer Pumping of H+ ions by depleting energy of electrons = ACTIVE Concentration gradient of H+ leveling out to create ATP = PASSIVE Ebony & Ivory 50 Explain the names C3 and C4 plants. Ebony & Ivory 50 Answer C3 plants—use CO2 in Calvin Cycle to create the 6 carbon molecule (Carbon Fixation) C4 plants—create oxaloacetate or malic acid (both 4 C molecules) as holder of carbon overnight Sugar Coma 10 Name the three steps of Respiration and list: 1)where they occur 2)Amount of ATP produced Sugar Coma 10 Answer Glycolysis—cytoplasm—2ATP Krebs—inner matrix—2 ATP ETC—inner membrane—32/34 ATP Sugar Coma 20 What are the two phases of glycolysis and why are they called that? Sugar Coma 20 Answer Energy investment phase— took 2 ATP to start Energy Payoff phase— get 4 ATP out Sugar Coma 30 Which will yeild more ATP: NADH or FADH2 and WHY?? Sugar Coma 30 Answer NADH because it drops electrons at FMN allowing for more H+ to move through and then diffuse out to create ATP Sugar Coma 40 How does glycolysis show common ancestry or unity among all organisms? 2 pieces of evidence please Sugar Coma 40 Answer Common ancestry due to the fact that ALL cells go through this process Also, early earth was oxygen deprived so this process could have been present at the beginnings of life Sugar Coma 50 Why is oxygen necessary for Krebs and the ETC? Sugar Coma 50 Answer Oxygen is highly electronegative (wants electrons) and picks up the depleted electrons at the end of the chain to free up space for more eto move down Chocolate Wasted 10 1)Name the two types of fermentation 2)What two alternative molecules are used as Electron carriers in each? Chocolate Wasted 10 Alcohol— ethanol or ethyl alcohol Lactic Acid— Lactate or lactic acid Chocolate Wasted 20 What two types of alternative respiration will you undergo after eating fried chicken? Chocolate Wasted 20 Answer Deamination of Amino Acids Beta Oxidation of Lipids Chocolate Wasted 30 In order to undergo alternative forms of respiration (because we don’t eat just sugar!) what type of molecule we must reach before this is possible (THINK CARBON!!) Chocolate Wasted 30 Answer Must create a 2 Carbon Chain (Amino Acids remove the amine group to reveal a 2-C skeleton) (Lipids chop up fatty acid tails to create a 2-C backbone) Which can now bind with Coenzyme A to create Acetyl CoA Chocolate Wasted 40 How does fermentation allow glycolysis to occur over and over again? Chocolate Wasted 40 Answer ethanol and lactic acid pull electrons and H+ off NADH and FADH to allow them to recirculate through glycolysis and make more ATP Chocolate Wasted 50 How does PFKase act as a feedback mechanism for Respiration and is it positive or negative feedback? Chocolate Wasted 50 Answer Plenty of ATP = atp and citrate bond with allosteric site of enzyme to inhibit process until energy is needed again NEGATIVE Make your wager A worm ate 30,000 calories of grass. A chicken ate that worm. You went to Chick-fil-a for lunch and ate that chicken. How many calories did you receive of the original source?