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Transcript
Opener Questions • 1. What are some foods that you ate yesterday or today? • 2. What are some things in those foods that your body may need? • 3. How do you think your body used each of the foods that you ate? • 4. A common saying is “You are what you eat.” What do you think this statement means? Theme = “You Are What You Eat” Carbon Compounds Chapter 2.3 Carbon • Number 6 on the periodic table Why is it so unique? It can form 4 covalent bonds because it has 4 electrons in its outer shell • Can form very long, complex molecules One carbon atom can bond to other carbon atoms to form long chains or rings Organic Molecules • Organic Molecules: Contain carbon bonded to hydrogen -ex. CH4 (methane gas) • Inorganic Molecules: Do not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen -ex. CO2 (carbon dioxide gas) Examples of Organic Compounds Section 2-3 A long chain Chains Methane Acetylene A ring Butadiene Benzene Isooctane Macromolecules Means “giant molecules” Monomers (small units) join together to form polymers (large compounds) through the process of polymerization monomers can be the same or different • 4 Classes: – – – – Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates • Functions: Energy sources Structures in plants • Components Made of elements: C, H, O *Ratio of 2 H to 1 O* Carbohydrates Monomer • Monosaccharide (“mono” = 1, “saccharide” = sugar) – Simple sugar C6H12O6 • Ex: Galactose (in milk), Fructose (in fruit), Glucose Polymer • Polysaccharides: Starch, cellulose, glycogen (“poly” = many, “saccharide” = sugar) Carbohydrates • Source – Pasta – Bread – Fruit – Vegetables Other info. – Carbohydrates stands for carbon and water Starch = A Polysaccharide Section 2-3 Starch Is made up of glucose, a monosaccharide Proteins • Functions: 1. Building material 2. Carrying out chemical reactions 3. Fighting disease 4. Transporting materials Proteins • Components: C, H, O, N, and S • Examples – Hemoglobin – Antibodies – Antigens • Source – Meat fish – eggs – nuts – soybean Proteins • Monomer = Amino acid There are 20 amino acids total – Picture on page 47 1. R group = varies from 1 amino acid to another 2. Carboxyl group = COOH 3. Amino group = NH2 Examples of Amino Acids Section 2-3 Amino group Carboxyl group General structure Alanine Serine Proteins • When two or more amino acids join together, they form a polypeptide - polymer – Held together by a peptide bond A water molecule is released when a peptide bond is formed Section 2-3 Amino acids A Protein Lipids • Functions: – Stored and used as energy – Structural component of cell membranes – Protect nerve cells in animals – Speed up nerve impulses – Protect from the cold Lipids • Elements: C, H, O – High hydrogen to oxygen ratio Ratio of H:O not equal to 2:1 • Monomer: Glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails Lipids Examples: • Oils lipids produced by plants Are unsaturated = usually liquid at room temp. • Fats lipids produced by animals Are saturated = usually solid at room temp. • Waxes produced by both plants and animals • Cholesterol and steroids insoluble in water Lipids • Source: – Butter – Liver – Any kind of oil ex. Vegetable oil Other Info on Lipids • Saturated fats – – Contain all single covalent bonds – Contains maximum # of hydrogens Are considered bad for you heart • Unsaturated fats – – Contains double and triple bonds – Typically liquid at room temp. Are considered better for you heart Saturated vs. unsaturated fats Saturated- no double bonds between carbons, all possible hydrogens Unsaturated- at least one double bond, less hydrogen, can bend Nucleic Acids • Function: Carry genetic information • Elements: C, H, O, P, and N Some other elements can be used Nucleic Acids • Examples: RNA and DNA • Source: – Compounds with proteins are used to make nucleic acids Nucleic Acids • Monomer = nucleotide Made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base • Polymer – Nucleic Acid A Well-Balanced Diet • 1. Carbohydrates = 50-60% – pasta, bread, fruits, vegetables • 2. Fat = 20-30% – butter, mayonnaise, cooking oil • 3. Protein = 10% – meat, fish, eggs, nuts, soybeans, • 4. Other = 10% – burgers, tacos, cookies Concept Map of Organic Compounds Section 2-3 *Fill in the Blanks* Carbon Compounds include that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of which contain which contain which contain which contain Concept Map of Organic Compounds Section 2-3 *Answer Key* Carbon Compounds include Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Sugars and starches Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids which contain which contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen which contain which contain Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen, Identify the Macromolecule