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A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. Some provide energy. All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing. No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function. Definition of a Calorie: o A unit of measure for energy in food Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water Nutrients that have Calories: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Calories per gram: Protein 1 Gram = 4 calories Carbohydrates 1 Gram = 4 calories Fat 1 Gram = 9 calories • key source of energy • Found in grains, fruits and veggies, and junk food • made of simple sugars called monosaccharides • A polysaccharide is: many sugars linked in a chain. • Examples: starch (plants) and glycogen (animals) •Usually found in fried foods, meats and junk food. •made of fatty acids •Will not dissolve in water. •Fat molecules contain twice as much energy as carbohydrates or proteins. Examples: waxes, oils, cholesterol, steroid hormones, and fats. • abundantly found in meats, eggs, nuts, beans • Made from hundreds or thousands of amino acids linked together. • Humans need twenty different amino acids • All proteins are either structural or enzymes • Structural – proteins that form structures (like hair or tendons) • Enzymes – make body process happen and efficient Organic substances needed in trace amounts that help your body work more efficiently Organic – usually comes from an organism •Fat-soluble – can be stored in the body, too much can be toxic (A, D, E, K) •Water-soluble – need daily doses because they are excreted with urine Inorganic substances needed in trace amounts. Inorganic – usually comes from the earth a) Help your body work efficiently b) allow nerves and muscles to function c) make body structures (like bone) d) maintain water balance • Makes up about 70% of your total body • Needed in large amounts, because almost everything must be dissolved in water for your body to work properly. • Common myth – you do not need 8 – 10 glasses of water every day. There is water in every drink and almost every food, which is plenty for normal individuals.