Download Enzymes

 HAPPY THURSDAY 
Grades are posted in the back.
Bellwork: Summarize what you have learned
about nucleic acids and proteins in 34 words. In
your summary, you must use the words:
nucleic acids
DNA
nucleotides
amino acids
Essential Question:
What is the function of
an enzyme?
REMINDERS
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Projects were due with original handout
Notecard check tomorrow
Photo check, last day tomorrow
Checking bellwork tomorrow
Test Monday
Last day to make-up Quiz 3 on Tuesday
Now You See It, Now You Don’t
Activity
Each lab table will receive one
piece of candy for each student
and one piece of candy for the lab
table. Do not eat the candy until
instructed to do so.
Mass one piece of candy on the triple-beam balance.
Record the mass of your piece of candy and the lab
table’s piece of candy in your notebook.
My Candy’s Mass:_________g
My Table’s Candy’s Mass:______________g
Now, draw what your candy and the table’s candy
currently looks like.
My Candy
My Table’s Candy
Rules of the game –
DO NOT OPEN YOUR MOUTH!
DO NOT CHEW THE CANDY!
DO NOT SUCK ON THE CANDY!
When instructed to do so, each lab table will place a piece of candy
in the beaker of water and each student will place a piece of candy
in their cheek. Do not suck on the candy. The candy will be left in
place for 15 minutes.
1. Predict the difference in mass between the candy in the water
and the candy in your mouth after 15 minutes.
2. Predict the difference in appearance between the candy in the
water and the candy in your mouth after 15 minutes.
3. Finish the sentence: There will/will not be a difference in the
mass and appearance of the candy after 15 minutes because…
Now let’s get to the candy!!! Remember, do not suck on it!!!
Enzymes Notes
I. What is an enzyme?
A. Some chemical
reactions that make life
possible are too slow to
make them practical for
living tissue.
B. A catalyst is a substance
that speeds up the rate
of chemical reactions.
C. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological
catalysts.
1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take
place in cells.
2. Enzymes are very specific, generally catalyzing
only one chemical reaction.
3. For this reason, part of an enzyme’s name is
usually derived from the reaction it catalyzes.
Enzymes usually end in the suffix “–ase”.
Ex. Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction that
removes water from alcohol.
Now let’s get back to the candy… Remove the candy from the
beaker and from your mouth and mass them on the triplebeam balance. Record the mass of your piece of candy and
the lab table’s piece of candy in your notebook.
My Candy’s Mass:_________g
My Table’s Candy’s Mass:______________g
Now, draw what your candy and the table’s candy currently
looks like.
My Candy
My Table’s Candy
II. How do enzymes work?
A. Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought
together to react.
B. The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are
known as substrates.
C. The substrates bind to a site on the enzyme called the
active site.
D. The fit between the enzyme and its substrate are so
precise that it is often compared to a lock and key.
E. The enzyme and substrate are bound together and
form the enzyme-substrate complex.
F. Once the reaction is over, the products of the reaction
are released and the enzyme is free to start the process
again.
Draw, color,
and label
this
diagram
Enzyme animation
G. Enzymes play
essential
roles in
regulating
chemical
reactions,
making
materials
that cells
need,
releasing
energy, and
transferring
information.
Lock-and-key Diagram
Draw, color,
and label
this
diagram
Reactant Reactant
Product
Enzyme animation
Enzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme
H. Enzymes work by lowering the
activation energy required to start
a chemical reaction.
I. Like all biological molecules, enzymes work
best under certain internal conditions.
J. This is another reason why maintaining
homeostasis is important for living things.
Salivary amylase is an enzyme secreted in the saliva that
breaks down large sugars into smaller ones. Knowing
this…
1. Describe the difference in mass between the candy in
the water and the candy in your mouth after 15 minutes.
2. Describe the difference in appearance between the
candy in the water and the candy in your mouth after 15
minutes.
3. Explain why there was a difference between the
mass and appearance of the two pieces of candy.
4. Knowing that enzymes only catalyze one type of
reaction, predict what would happen if you placed a
peanut (protein) in your mouth for 15 minutes.
The Enzyme Lingo
• Enzyme: a protein that speeds up chemical reactions
• Catalyst: substance that speeds up the rate of a
chemical reaction
• Substrate: the substances that reacts with the
enzyme
• Active Site: place where the substrate bonds to the
(the “reactant” in the reaction…remember reactants and
enzyme
products?)
• Enzyme-Substrate Complex: substance formed when
the enzyme and substrate bond together
Draw, color, and label
this diagram
Enzyme animation
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Fatty Acid
Amino Acid
Nucleotide
Triglyceride
Elements
C, H, O
C, H, O
Function
Example
Immediate
Energy
Glucose
(Sugar),
Bread,
Pasta, Rice
Long-term
energy
Cell
Membrane,
Fats, Oils,
Waxes,
Waxy
Cuticle of
Leaf
Enzymatic
Polypeptide
C, H, O, N Reactions, Meats, Milk,
and/or Protein
Build Bones
Eggs,
and Muscles, Enzymes
DNA/RNA
C, H, O,
N, P
Source of
genetic
information
DNA/RNA
Structure
Ring, Circle
Chain
Amine
Group &
R-Group
Phosphate
Group,
Nitrogenous
Base, 5Carbon
Sugar
Picture
Enzyme/Substrate Activity:
Design your own connecting puzzle pieces to
demonstrate an enzyme and substrate.
Color them and label the following:
enzyme
substrate
enzyme-substrate complex
Then fill in the following analogy:
Enzymes and substrates fit together like _______ and
_______.
As always, summarize what you have
learned about enzymes in 30 words. In
your summary, you must use the
words:
enzyme
substrate
active site
enzyme-substrate complex