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Light + 6 CO2 + 2H20 → C6H12O6 + 602
Step 1: Trap energy from Sunlight
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Accessory pigments
Absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others.
Light-dependent reactions
Light-independent reactions
Plants use electron carriers to transport high-energy
electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.
NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is a
carrier molecule.
NADP+ picks up two high-energy electrons, along with
a hydrogen ion (H+). It is then converted into NADPH.
The NADPH can then carry the high-energy electrons
to be used in chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell.
Light dependent reactions:
Light dependent
water is split
NADPH and ATP are produced (Step 2)
Chemiosmosis mechanism by which ATP is produced
by the flow of H ions against a concentration gradient
Light Independent Reactions – Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle
(light-indep rxns)
Carbon fixation
Step 3: With CO2, convert temporary chemical energy into
organic compounds (glucose).
http://faculty.nl.edu/jste/calvin_cycle.htm
Factors that Affect the Rate Photosynthesis
Using
glucose and
oxygen to
make ATP
for the cell’s
metabolism.
Overview of Cell Respiration
•Anaerobic
•Occurs in the cytoplasm
•Glucose is converted to
two pyruvic molecules
with the help of 2 ATP
•Net yield of 2 ATP are
made
•2NADH are also produced
Products:
2 Pyruvic Acid
2 NADH
2 ATP
Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
Occurs in the
mitochondria
NAD
NADH
Oxygen is
required for
reaction to occur
Pyruvic acid is
needed from
glycolysis
Enzyme-directed
reactions which
produce CO2, ATP,
FADH2 and NADH
How many times
does the Kreb cycle
go around for one
glucose molecule?
How much ATP is
produced in this
cycle?
How much ATP has
been produced so
far with Krebs and
Glycolysis?
•Electron
Transport Chain
•Aerobic
•All NADH and
FADH2 produced
gives up their
electrons to a
series of electron
accepting
proteins.
•Main production
of ATP occurs
here.
Synthesis of ATP in ETC
Example of Anaerobic Respiration