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Transcript
Organic Macromolecules Big molecules found in living things…containing Carbon Organic macromolecule Carbohydrates 4 calories per gram Proteins monomer polymer Glucose molecules Sugars, starch and cellulose Amino acids Glycerol and fatty acids Structural proteins and enzymes Fats, oils, waxes, sterols nucleotides DNA, RNA 4 calories per gram Lipids 9 calories per gram Nucleic acids “You are what you eat” • We are made of: 1. Proteins 2. Lipids 3. Carbohydrates 4. Minerals 5. Water The Food Pyramid…the idea of the food pyramid still holds true however the new food pyramid is different. It has been redesigned. The Traditional Food Pyramid The NEW Food Pyramid Organic Macromolecule polymer name: Proteins Made from monomers of : Amino acids Types: Structural and functional (enzymes) Examples: Structural membrane proteins Enzymes – amylase breaks amylose Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Protein Calories or energy value: 4 calories per gram Purpose or Role: •Membrane channels •Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and control chemical reactions Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Proteins Testing reagent or procedure: Biuret Negative test result: Solution stays a blue color Positive test result: Solution turn pinkish lavender purple in presence of proteins Test for proteins Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Lipids Made From: Fatty acid chains and glycerol Types: Fats, oils, waxes and sterols Examples: Fats: beef, pork lard, chicken Oils: olive, corn, safflower, soy Wax: bees wax, ear wax and sebaceous secretions Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Lipids Calories or energy value: 9 calories per gram Purpose or Role: Contains high amounts of stored energy Lubrication of skin Cell membranes Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Lipids Testing reagent or procedure: 1. Paper – smear sample and observe 2. Sudan IV Negative test result: 1. Liquid fully dries and evaporates from paper 2. No color change in water Positive test result: 1. Fats and oils make paper appear translucent 2. Sudan IV stains fats and oils reddish pink Fat Molecule Trans Fat Molecule A SATURATED FAT POLY UNSATURATED FAT Carbohydrates • Includes: – Sugars – Starch – Cellulose – Why are all of the sugars, starches and cellulose considered to be Carbohydrates? Mono - Di - Poly Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Simple Carbohydrates - sugars Made From: Monosaccharides - Glucose molecules Types: Sugars Examples: Glucose, sucrose, fructose, lactose, maltose. Galactose, xylose, ribose, deoxyribose, Lyxose , Arabinose, Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Simple Carbohydrates - sugars Calories or energy value: 4 calories per gram Purpose or Role: Body’s first choice for energy consumption Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Simple Carbohydrates - sugars Testing reagent or procedure: Benedicts solution then into a hot water bath Negative test result: Solution stays blue Positive test result: Solution turns a burnt (UT longhorn) orange color Test for simple sugars Some samples of - oses • Trioses Ketotriose (Dihydroxyacetone) | Aldotriose (Glyceraldehyde) • Tetroses Ketotetrose (Erythrulose) | Aldotetroses (Erythrose, Threose) • Pentoses Ketopentose (Ribulose, Xylulose) Aldopentose (Ribose, Arabinose, Xylose, Lyxose) • Deoxy sugar (Deoxyribose) • Hexoses Ketohexose (Psicose, Fructose, Sorbose, Tagatose) Aldohexose (Allose, Altrose, Glucose, Mannose, Gulose, Idose, Galactose, Talose) • Deoxy sugar (Fucose, Fuculose, Rhamnose)HeptoseSedoheptulose Simple Sugars Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Starches - Complex Carbohydrates Made From: Glucose molecules Types: Starch and cellulose Examples: Maltose, cornstarch, starchy foods Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Complex Carbohydrates Calories or energy value: 4 calories per gram Purpose or Role: Lasting energy…still the body’s choice for energy before using proteins or lipids Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Complex Carbohydrates Testing reagent or procedure: Iodine Negative test result: Solution or sample stays an amber color Positive test result: Solution or sample turns purplish blue/black Test for starch Starchy Foods Organic Macromolecule polymer name : Nucleic acids Made From: nucleotides Types: DNA & RNA Purpose or Role: Carries and transfers hereditary information and allows the cells to manufacture other organic compounds The 4 Bases found in DNA The 4 Bases found in DNA as Nucleotides Assisting Molecules to the Organic Macromolecules: Vitamins & Minerals Made From: rocks & minerals from the earth Types & examples: Vitamins - B12, A, E, C Minerals - Ca, Cu, Zn, Mg Assisting Molecules to the Organic Macromolecules: Vitamins & Minerals Calories or energy value: O calories ..none…nada Purpose or Role act as co-enzymes, helping cells with chemical reactions in metabolism and homeostasis Assisting Molecules to the Organic Macromolecules: WATER Made From: hydrogen, oxygen Calories or energy value: O calories, zilch, zip, nada Purpose or Role: universal solvent for solutions in living cells. It dissolves substances due to it’s polar nature THE WATER CYCLE WATER WATER SLIDE SHOW