Download The Components of Life

Warm-up: August 30, 2013
• What makes a molecule organic?
• What is the function and building blocks of
carbohydrates?
• What is the function and building blocks of
lipids?
Macromolecule
Molecule- made by covalent
bonds
MACRO
BIG!
Macromolecule
The Components of Life
The compounds created by living
organisms are called
organic compounds
• The compounds created by living
organisms are called organic
compounds
• In order for a compound to be considered
organic it must have a Carbon Atom (C)
and a Hydrogen Atom (H)
Which Compound is Organic?
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CO2
Inorganic
H2O
Inorganic
CH3
Organic
C6H12O6
Organic
• NH3
• Inorganic
The most common organic
compounds in living things are:
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Appearance: A Ring
Carbohydrates
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Are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen
• They serve two main purposes
• They are used by living organisms as the
primary source of energy
• They have structural purposes for
plants and some animals
Example: In plants they are used to make a
cell wall (Cellulose).
Carbohydrate Are Found In
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Glucose
Starch
Cellulose
Cereal
Potatoes
Pasta
Corn
Carbohydrate’s Building Blocks:
Simple Sugars (Glucose)
Appearance: A glycerol hook to 3
chains (Looks like an “E”)
Lipids
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Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Lipids serve two main purposes
Stored energy, long-term energy storage
Structural purposes for plants and some
animals
Examples:
Plants- waterproof covering for leaves
Plants and Animals- Important part of the cell’s
membrane.
Lipids are found in
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Fats
Waxes
Phospholipids (cell membrane)
steroids
Building Blocks of Lipids: 3 Fatty
Acids & Glycerol
Warm-up Jan. 31, 2013
1. What is the function and building block of
proteins?
2. What is the function and building blocks of
nucleic acids?
Appearance: the Presence of
Nitrogen.
Proteins
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Made-up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Purpose of Proteins
Transport into and out of cells
Form structural parts: muscles, bones,
hair, finger nails
Fight Diseases
Enzymes
Examples of Functions of Proteins
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They form the main structural component
of skeletal muscle, skin, cartilage,
tendons, ligaments, horns, bone, hair,
and feathers
They are receptors that detect chemical
signals so that cells can respond to
stimuli
They are important in movement of
muscles and movement of many cells
Function of Proteins
4. They serve as antibodies to protect
against diseases
5. They may be highly specialized as
enzymes
6. They help transport substances through
the body
7. They provide storage for elements like
iron
Proteins are found in
• Meat
• Nuts
• Eggs
Building Block of Protein: Amino
Acid
Nucleic Acid Structure:
Double Helix
Nucleic Acids
• Made-up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
• Purpose of Nucleic Acids: they store and
transmit hereditary information
Function Examples
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
*** DNA is what your chromosomes are
made-up of, and your chromosomes are
your personal blueprints
Building Blocks: Nucleotides
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Phosphate Group
Sugar
Nitrogen Base
Macromolecule
Macro>>>>>>> BIG
Examples:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Micromolecule vs.
Macromolecule
Micromolecule:
Sugar
Macromolecule:
Sugar+Sugar=
CARBOHYDRATE
Macromolecule
Micromolecule
Fatty acid
Glycerol
Macromolecule:
Fatty Acid+Glycerol=
LIPID
Macromolecule
Micromolecule:
Amino Acid
Macromolecule:
Amino Acid+Amino
Acid=
PROTEIN
Macromolecule
Micromolecule:
Nucleotide
Macromolecule:
Nucleotide+
Nucletide=
NUCLEIC ACID
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds: are formed when
outer electrons are attached, shared, or
transferred from one atom to another
atom in order to fill the outer electron
shell.

There are two types of Chemical
Bonds:
1. Ionic Bond
2. Covalent Bond