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Warm-up: August 30, 2013 • What makes a molecule organic? • What is the function and building blocks of carbohydrates? • What is the function and building blocks of lipids? Macromolecule Molecule- made by covalent bonds MACRO BIG! Macromolecule The Components of Life The compounds created by living organisms are called organic compounds • The compounds created by living organisms are called organic compounds • In order for a compound to be considered organic it must have a Carbon Atom (C) and a Hydrogen Atom (H) Which Compound is Organic? • • • • • • • • CO2 Inorganic H2O Inorganic CH3 Organic C6H12O6 Organic • NH3 • Inorganic The most common organic compounds in living things are: • • • • Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Appearance: A Ring Carbohydrates • Are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen • They serve two main purposes • They are used by living organisms as the primary source of energy • They have structural purposes for plants and some animals Example: In plants they are used to make a cell wall (Cellulose). Carbohydrate Are Found In • • • • • • • Glucose Starch Cellulose Cereal Potatoes Pasta Corn Carbohydrate’s Building Blocks: Simple Sugars (Glucose) Appearance: A glycerol hook to 3 chains (Looks like an “E”) Lipids • • • • Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Lipids serve two main purposes Stored energy, long-term energy storage Structural purposes for plants and some animals Examples: Plants- waterproof covering for leaves Plants and Animals- Important part of the cell’s membrane. Lipids are found in • • • • Fats Waxes Phospholipids (cell membrane) steroids Building Blocks of Lipids: 3 Fatty Acids & Glycerol Warm-up Jan. 31, 2013 1. What is the function and building block of proteins? 2. What is the function and building blocks of nucleic acids? Appearance: the Presence of Nitrogen. Proteins • • • • • • Made-up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, and Nitrogen Purpose of Proteins Transport into and out of cells Form structural parts: muscles, bones, hair, finger nails Fight Diseases Enzymes Examples of Functions of Proteins • • • They form the main structural component of skeletal muscle, skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, horns, bone, hair, and feathers They are receptors that detect chemical signals so that cells can respond to stimuli They are important in movement of muscles and movement of many cells Function of Proteins 4. They serve as antibodies to protect against diseases 5. They may be highly specialized as enzymes 6. They help transport substances through the body 7. They provide storage for elements like iron Proteins are found in • Meat • Nuts • Eggs Building Block of Protein: Amino Acid Nucleic Acid Structure: Double Helix Nucleic Acids • Made-up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus • Purpose of Nucleic Acids: they store and transmit hereditary information Function Examples • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) *** DNA is what your chromosomes are made-up of, and your chromosomes are your personal blueprints Building Blocks: Nucleotides • • • Phosphate Group Sugar Nitrogen Base Macromolecule Macro>>>>>>> BIG Examples: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Micromolecule vs. Macromolecule Micromolecule: Sugar Macromolecule: Sugar+Sugar= CARBOHYDRATE Macromolecule Micromolecule Fatty acid Glycerol Macromolecule: Fatty Acid+Glycerol= LIPID Macromolecule Micromolecule: Amino Acid Macromolecule: Amino Acid+Amino Acid= PROTEIN Macromolecule Micromolecule: Nucleotide Macromolecule: Nucleotide+ Nucletide= NUCLEIC ACID Chemical Bonds Chemical Bonds: are formed when outer electrons are attached, shared, or transferred from one atom to another atom in order to fill the outer electron shell. There are two types of Chemical Bonds: 1. Ionic Bond 2. Covalent Bond