Download Biochemistry Review

Biochemistry Review
Let’s check your understanding…
• State the most frequently occurring chemical
elements in living things.
Answer
• Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• State three other elements that are required
by living things – albeit in smaller quantities…
Answer
• Phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur
• What word means…”carbon based
compounds produced by living things”?
Answer
• organic
Who am I?
Answer
• An amino acid – building block of proteins
Who am I?
Answer
• a monosaccharide sugar – building block of
carbohydrates
Who am I?
Answer
• Fatty acid – building block of
FATS/TRIGLYCERIDES. This one is a SATURATED
fatty acid
Who am I?
Answer
• Another amino acid…
Who am I?
Answer
• Unsaturated fatty acid
Who Am I?
Answer
• polymer
Which of the following DOESN’T
belong?
•
•
•
•
Glucose
Lactose
Galactose
Fructase
Answer
• Fructase – the rest are sugars (all end in –
ose)… ending in –ase means its an ENZYME
Who am I?
Answer
• Protein – a chain of amino acids
Which element is present in maltase
but not maltose?
•
•
•
•
•
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Answer
• Maltase is an enzyme, which is a protein.
Maltose is a sugar, or a carb. So, proteins have
CHONS, while carbs contain CHO. So…that
means that the answer is NITROGEN.
Name that sugar!
• used by ANIMALS for short term energy
storage
Answer
• Polysaccharide: glycogen
Name that sugar!
• provides rigidity to plant cell walls
Answer
• Polysaccharide: cellulose
Name that reaction…
Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide 
Disaccharide + Water
Answer
• Dehydration synthesis or condensation
Name that reaction
Amino Acid + Amino Acid 
Protein + Water
Answer
• Dehydration synthesis, or condensation
Name that reaction!
Fat + Water 
3 fatty acids + glycerol
Answer
• Hydrolysis, decomposition
Name that macromolecule class!
• Used for long term energy storage in animals,
protection, buoyancy and insulation
Answer
• Lipids – specifically, fats
Name that macromolecule class!
• Comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
ONLY
Answer
• carbohydrates
Name that macromolecule class!
• Accounts for more than 50% of the dry mass
of most cells.
Answer
• proteins
Name that macromolecule class!
• The only thing the members of this group
have in common is that they are all
NONPOLAR (i.e. hydroPHOBIC) and are
comprised chiefly of C, H, and O (sometimes
P)
Answer
• lipids
Name that macromolecule class!
Answer
• lipids
Name that macromolecule class!
• Used for transport, protection, catalysts,
cellular communications, defense against
foreign substances
Answer
• proteins
• The most bang for your buck, in terms of
energy, comes from…
Answer
• lipids