Download Biology Study Guide for Section (Macromolecules) Test

Biology Study Guide for Section (Macromolecules) Test, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, EnzymesEvery test question is covered by this study guide-learn it or not, the choice is yours!!! AHSGE pages 120-133!
October 8-12, 2012
1. Identify each macromolecule as a C- Carbohydrate, L-Lipid, P-Protein, N-Nucleic Acid
DNA-N, glucose-C, sugar-C, steroid-L, monosaccharide-C, cellulose-C, starch-C, fat-L, phospholipid-L, RNA-N, waxL, disaccharide-C, glycogen-C, enzyme-P
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Carbohydrate- A macromolecule made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Starch-A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy.
Glycogen- A polysaccharide made by animals to store energy.
Polysaccharide- A Complex carbohydrate such as starch.
Cellulose- A polysaccharide made by plants to give structural support to cell walls.
Monosaccharide- A simple sugar like glucose.
Carbohydrate- A type of macromolecule that is produced by plants during photosynthesis.
Glycogen- Animal cells store excess sugar as molecules of this.
Polysaccharide- Monosaccharides may bond together to form these molecules.
Energy-The main function of carbohydrates in animal cells.
Sugars- Similar to starch, cellulose is a complex carbohydrate. This compound makes up cellulose.
Nitrogen- Carbohydrates contain all C,H,O but no nitrogen.
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein.
Glucose-is also called a monosaccharide.
Starch- plants store energy in this form.
Structural support- the main function of cellulose in plant cells.
Essential fatty acids- a component of fats that is necessary for human health but cannot be produced by the
body.
A type of liquid used mainly as a waterproof covering.
Unsaturated-having double bonds between carbon atoms in a fatty acid.
Saturated- having the maximum number of hydrogens attached to the carbon atoms in a fatty acid.
Wax- acts as a waterproof coating.
Phospholipids- makes up cell membranes.
Fat- used for long term energy storage.
Steroid- makes up cholesterol and hormones.
Glycerol and fatty acids- the two parts of a fat molecule.
Fats containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids- must be eaten by humans and are essential for their health.
Steroid- a lipid cholesterol.
Steroid hormones- lipid that acts as a chemical messenger.
Fats- are not chemical messengers.
Storage for energy- is not a function of proteins.
Amino group- proteins made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, the group made mostly of nitrogen.
Peptide- the name of the bond that joins amino acids into polypeptides.
The shape of a protein- determines the function.
Nucleic acid- a type of macromolecule that makes up both RNA and DNA.
Nucleotide- a molecule made up of a sugar group, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
DNA- a molecule that forms genes, which are responsible for storing and passing on genetic information.
RNA- a molecule that is responsible for making proteins.
Phosphorus- nucleic acids contain hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and this element.
Sugars- one difference in RNA and DNA is that they have different sugars.
Enzymes- a type of macromolecule made of protein.
Active site- the area of an enzyme where the substrate fits.
Substrate- the substance on which each enzyme can work.
It is released and used again- happens to an enzyme after a chemical reaction is completed.