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SUGAR UP
QUESTIONS
Or Review to
Chapter 6 Honors
BiologyTest
Respiratory System
• 1. nostril
• 2. nasal
cavity
3. Pharynx
4. Epiglottis
(flap)
5. Larynx
(voice box)
1.
2.
4.
3.
5.
Respiratory System (cont)
6. Esophagus
(to stomach)
7. Trachea
6.
7.
8. R. lung
9. Pleura (lining)
8.
9.
Respiratory System (cont)
• 10. bronchi
• 11. bronchioles
10.
• 12. diaphragm
11.
12.
Respiratory System (cont)
•
•
•
•
•
To the heart:
pulmonary vein
13. alveoli
14. pulmonary artery 14.
15. capillary bed
16. alveolar duct
16.
17. alveolus
From the
heart
13.
15.
Respiratory System
• What is another name for the trachea?
Where is it?
• Windpipe and located below epiglottis
Where is the L. pulmonary
artery?
R. Pulmonary vein
• L. pulmonary artery is 3
• R. pulmonary vein is 4
Label and describe what is
going on here:
• Answer next slide
What electron carriers are at “D”
and at “E”?
“D” = NADH
“E” = FADH2 + NADH
What waste gas leaves at “H”?
H = Carbon Dioxide
What processes are at A, B, C?
A (glycolysis) B (Krebs cycle)
C (ETC and chemiosmosis)
What is at “I” “F” “G”?
__I
“I” = 2 ATP, “F”= 2 ATP,
“G” = 34 ATP?
18. Which process is the anaerobic
one in yeast?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Chemiosmosis
D. ETC
E. alcoholic fermentation
F. lactic acid fermentation
• ANSWER: alcoholic fermentation
19.Which is the movement of H+
ions across ATP synthase?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Chemiosmosis
D. ETC
E. alcoholic fermentation
F. lactic acid fermentation
• ANSWER: chemiosmosis
20. Which is the splitting of glucose
into two 3-carbon compounds?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Chemiosmosis
D. ETC
E. alcoholic fermentation
F. lactic acid fermentation
• ANSWER: glycolysis
21. Which is also called the citric
acid cycle?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Chemiosmosis
D. ETC
E. alcoholic fermentation
F. lactic acid fermentation
G. TCA cycle
• ANSWER: Krebs cycle and TCA
22. Which is the movement of
electrons from high energy to low?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Chemiosmosis
D. ETC
E. alcoholic fermentation
F. lactic acid fermentation
• ANSWER: ETC
23. Which is the anaerobic process
in animals’ muscles?
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Chemiosmosis
D. ETC
E. alcoholic fermentation
F. lactic acid fermentation
• ANSWER: lactic acid fermentation
24. How many carbons are in each
pyruvic acid molecule?
• 2
3
• ANSWER: 3
6
34
38
40
25. How many ATP’s are formed
when one molecule of glucose
break down (net) in glycolysis only?
• 2
3
6
• ANSWER: 2 (net)
34
38
40
26. What is the number of
FADH2 formed per pyruvate
molecule in glycolysis?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0
1
2
3
4
6
ANSWER
0
27. How many ATP’s are formed
during the ETC and
chemiosmosis?
• 2
3
• ANSWER: 34
6
34
38
40
28. How many net ATP’s are formed
from the breakdown of one glucose
molecule TOTAL from cellular
respiration (Krebs +
ETC/chemiosmosis) and glycolysis?
• 2
3
• ANSWER: 38
6
34
38
40
29. How many ATP’s are needed to
get the glucose in glycolysis to start
breaking down?
• 2
3
• ANSWER: 2
6
34
38
40
30. How many ATP are made in
the Energy Payoff Phase of
Glycolysis?
•
•
•
•
1
2
3
4
• ANSWER: 4
HEY!!!!!
• 1 NADH = __________ ATP
• 1 FADH2 = _________ ATP
• 3
• 2
31. Where does FERMENTATION
occur?
•
•
•
•
A. Cytoplasm
B. Matrix
C. Inner membrane of mitochondrion
D. Intermembrane space of mitochondrion
• ANSWER: cytoplasm (fermentation and
glycolysis)
32. Where does Krebs CYCLE
occur?
•
•
•
•
A. Cytoplasm
B. Matrix
C. Inner membrane of mitochondrion
D. Intermembrane space of mitochondrion
• ANSWER: matrix
33. Where does ETC occur?
•
•
•
•
A. Cytoplasm
B. Matrix
C. Inner membrane of mitochondrion
D. Intermembrane space of mitochondrion
• ANSWER: inner membrane
•
•
•
•
34. Where do H+ ions collect
before they pass through the ATP
synthase?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Matrix
C. Inner membrane of mitochondrion
D. Intermembrane space of mitochondrion
• ANSWER: intermembrane space
35. Where is the ATP synthase
located??
•
•
•
•
A. Cytoplasm
B. Matrix
C. Inner membrane of mitochondrion
D. Intermembrane space of mitochondrion
• ANSWER: inner membrane
36. How is the ETC different
than burning glucose with a
flame?
• ETC breaks down glucose gradually
•
•
A flame burns glucose all at once
 34% of energy captured (ETC), rest is
lost as heat
37. Which electron carrier(s) (is)
are in glycolysis?
• FADH
NADH
• NADH
• Which electron carriers are in
Krebs cycle?
• BOTH NADH and FADH2
38. What is the final electron
acceptor of the ETC?
•
•
•
•
A. oxygen
B. NAD+
C. FAD
D. Jimin Leeeeee
• ANSWER: oxygen
39. Where do each of these come
from to form water in cellular
respiration?
•
•
•
•
•
•
H+
NADH and FADH2
Oxygen
Breathing in
Electrons
NADH and FADH2 (released to ETC)
41.What is the difference?
• Between calorie and Calorie?
• calorie = heat it takes to raise 1
gram of water 1 degree Celsius
• Calorie = 1000 calories
• Calorie = 1 kcal
So…
• 50 calories
• 0.05 Calories
• 0.05 kcal
1
Calorie
= 1000
calories
• 1 Calorie = 1000 calories = 1 kcal
• 1 calorie = .001 Calorie = .001 kcal
42. What is another name for…
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Krebs Cycle?
A. Calvin Cycle
B. Lactic Acid Cycle
C. Citric Acid Cycle
D. Pyruvic Acid Cycle
E. TCA cycle
• ANSWER: C + E
43. Which enzyme…
• Grooms pyruvic acid so it can enter the
Krebs cycle?
• A. Lactase
• B. Coenzyme A
• C. Coenzyme K
• D. Protease
• ANSWER:
B
43. What is cut off…
• Pyruvic acid so it can
enter the Krebs
cycle?
• A. oxygen
• B. nitrogen
• C. hydroxide
• D. carbon dioxide
• ANSWER: D
44. What is formed at the end of
glycolysis (3-C molecule)?
•
•
•
•
Carbon dioxide
Pyruvate
G3P
NADH
• ANSWER: pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
45. What is the product at the end
of ETC/chemiosmosis with H+ and
with oxygen?
•
•
•
•
Pyruvic acid
ATP
Water
Carbon dioxide
• ANSWER: water
46. What product forms with
ethanol (ethyl alcohol) in yeast
fermentation?
• ATP
• Water
• Carbon dioxide
• Ethanol
• ANSWER: carbon dioxide
47. What product forms at the end
of anaerobic fermentation in
muscles of animals?
•
•
•
•
•
Carbon dioxide
Water
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid
Ethanol
• ANSWER: lactic acid
48. What is an intermediate
formed at the end of the Energy
Investment Phase of glycolysis?
•
•
•
•
Pyruvate
G3P
OAA
Citric acid
• ANSWER: G3P
49. What forms as a waste
product in yeast + glucose if
oxygen is not present ?
• ethanol
50. ADP
• HOW DIFFERENT IS ATP?
• ANSWER: ATP has one more
phosphate attached
• ATP stores more energy
51.NAD+
• HOW DIFFERENT IS NADH?
• Answer: NADH Picked up electrons
and hydrogen.
52. FAD
• How different is FADH2 ?
• ANSWER: FADH2 has picked up
electrons and 2 hydrogen.
53. Glucose
• How different is pyruvic acid?
• ANSWER: Glucose is 6-C and
pyruvic acid is 3-C made from
glucose splitting.
Is it ANAEROBIC OR AEROBIC?
•
•
•
•
•
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Chemiosmosis
Fermentation
ETC
•
•
•
•
•
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Aerobic
54. What is the difference between
anaerobic and aerobic?
• A. with oxygen
• B. without oxygen
• ANSWER: anaerobic is
without oxygen
• Aerobic is with oxygen
55. What causes the electrons
to flow down the ETC?
• e- are passed from one protein to another
from high energy to lower pulled by the
final oxygen acceptor
• (the escaped energy is used to move the
H+ across the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion)
55. What is the final electron
acceptor?
• OXYGEN
56. What is the respiratory
system disorder?
• Involuntary muscles of the air tubes
constrict making breathing difficult
• Asthma
• Spasmic contractions of the diaphragm
causing the snapping of the glottis
• hiccups
56. What is the respiratory
system disorder?
• Infection of overuse of the vocal cords
causing loss of sound.
• Laryngitis
• Chronic expansion of the alveoli so they
cannot spring back.
• emphysema
56. What is the respiratory
system disorder?
• Infection of the lining of the air tubes
causing soreness, swelling the irritation
for a raspy cough.
• bronchitis
• A sore throat. Its an inflammation or
infection of the lining of the throat.
• pharyngitis
56. What is the respiratory
system disorder?
• An infection of the lung air sacs and
alveoli- they fill with fluids and breathing is
labored.
• pneumonia
• An infection of the membranes
surrounding the lungs, painful to breathe.
• pleurisy
57. What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
• C6H12O6
•
+ 6 O2
• 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
• + ATP
What is the equation for cellular
respiration?
• C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
58. What is the difference
between substrate-level
phosphorylation and oxidative
phosphorylation?
• See the next slide
2 Ways to Make ATP
• Substrate-Level
• Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
• (without a
• diffusion of
membrane; it occurs
particles through a
in the cytoplasm or
membrane
matrix of
produces ATP
mitochondrion with
• -loses ehelp of an enzyme)
59. How is pyruvate “cut and
groomed” to enter the Krebs
cycle?
• Cut = remove
carbon as carbon
dioxide
• Groomed is acetyl
group is attached
to Coenzyme A
60. Fill in the total number
formed in the Krebs cycle for 2
pyruvates:
•
•
•
•
ATP
NADH
FADH2
CO2
•
•
•
•
2
6
2
4
61. CONTRAST
• SLOW TWITCH
MUSCLES
• Thin fibers
• Many mitochondrion
• Aerobic
• Many myoglobin
• Dark Meat
• Long Distance runs
• FAST TWITCH
MUSCLES
• Thick fibers
• Few Mitochondrion
• Anaerobic
• Few myoglobin
• Light Meat
• Sprinters, weight
lifting
62. WHAT IS AT EACH AREA?
C.
D.
folds
E.
A.
B.
Intermembrane
space
(Fold)
63. In the following equation,
what is oxidized and what is
reduced?
•
63. In the following equation,
what is oxidized and what is
reduced?
ANSWER
Lose e- and lose H
Gain e- and gain H
LEO goes GER
64. What is OAA?
• Oxaloacetate combines with acetyl group
to form citric acid
OAA
65. What causes ATP synthase
to produce ATP?
• As the H+ ions that collected in the
intermembrane space pass through the
ATP synthase, it moves and causes the P
to join ADP to form ATP
66.Match the poisons
• Cyanide
• Oligomycin
• DNP
• rotenone
• Blocks ETC to kill insects
and fish in ponds-Blocks
first protein in ETC
• Blocks fourth protein in
ETC; used in Tylenol
tampering
• Antibiotic blocks H+
passage
• Quickens metabolic rateenergy all lost as heat
66.Match the poisons
• Cyanide
• Oligomycin
• DNP
• rotenone
ANSWERS
• Blocks fourth protein in
ETC; used in Tylenol
tampering
• Antibiotic blocks H+
passage
• Quickens metabolic rateenergy all lost as heat
• Blocks first protein in ETC
and Blocks ETC to kill
insects and fish in ponds
67. How does pyruvate change
in
Alcoholic fermentation
• Gives off carbon dioxide
• Regenerates NADH to
NAD+
• Forms alcohol (ethanol)
Lactic acid fermentation
• Forms lactic acid
• DOES NOT FORM
carbon dioxide
• Does regenerate NADH
to NAD+
68. How are these different?
Obligate anaerobes
• Organisms that require
anaerobic conditions (NO
OXYGEN)
Facultative anaerobes
• Organisms that can live in
or not live in aerobic
conditions
69. What is the smallest rotary
motor known?
• ATP synthase
What runs it?
• Proton concentration (H+)
gradient from the
intermembrane space
• WHAT DOES IT MAKE?
• ATP
70. Which process…
• Means “sugar
breaking?”
•
A. glycolysis
• B. Krebs cycle
• C. ETC
• D. chemiosmosis
• ANSWER: A
71. What process…
• Regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can
continue?
• A. Krebs cycle
• B. fermentation
• C. glycolysis
• D. chemiosmosis
• ANSWER: B
72. See question 64
73. In a redox reaction how do
you know if a molecule has
been oxidized? Reduced?
• Oxidized = loss of electrons = loss of H+
• Reduced = gain of electrons = gain of H+
74-77 What is at “A” and “C”?
“A” = ETC “C” = ATP Synthase
Where do the H+ ions collect?
H+ ions collect at “B”
H+
H+
H+
H+
Where is the Krebs Cycle?
H+
H+
H+
H+
“D” has the Krebs Cycle
H+
H+
H+
H+
KREBS CYCLE
When electrons are passed in the
ETC, what direction does the
energy flow?
• Low to high
• High to low
• Even throughout
• ANSWER: High to low
What is phosphorylation?
• Addition of a phosphate
• Addition of a hydrogen
• Addition of an oxygen
• ANSWER: Addition of a phosphate
• Like ADP + P = ATP
• Adding P to glucose to break into pyruvic acid
78. Which is inhalation?
Which is inhalation?
Contract
Relax
Volume
decrease
Vol. increase
Which is the diaphragm relaxing?
Which is the diaphragm relaxing?
EXTENDED RESPONSE
HINTS
• 1. NAD+ to NADH and back to NAD+
• Example: glycolysis, Kreb cycle, ETC
• Show when it forms NAD+ to NADH and
then loses them at the ETC (LEO goes
GER)
ETC and ATP synthase Team
• 2. H+/e- source from NADH and FADH2
EXTENDED RESPONSE
HINTS
• 3. Pulmonary arteries
• Carry deoxygenated
LUNGS
• Pulmonary veins
• Carry oxygenated
Normal arteries
carry oxygenated
Heart
to
body
Normal veins
carry deoxygenated
• Arteries always away from the heart
• Veins always to the heart
3
EXTENDED RESPONSE
HINTS #4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anaerobic respiration Aerobic resp.
Does not requires O2 Requires oxygen
Occurs in cytoplasm
Occurs in mitoch.
Only needs enzymes Needs membranes
act as ETC, ATP
synthase
Only makes 2 ATP
makes 34 + 2 ATP
Just a bunch more of
•Great questions
Where does it take place?
• 1. cellular respiration
• 2. Krebs cycle
• 3. lactic acid
fermentation
• 4. alcoholic
fermentation
• 5. gives off CO2 as a
waste product
CHOICES:
• C = cytoplasm
• M = mitochondrion
• IM = inner
membrane
• IMS = inter
membrane space
• MX = matrix
Where does it take place?
• 1. cellular
respiration
• 2. Krebs cycle
• 3. lactic acid
fermentation
• 4. alcoholic
fermentation
• 5. gives off CO2 as a
waste product
• M
• MX
• C
• C
• MX
Where does it take place?
•
•
•
•
ETC
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
NADH and FADH2
(gives up e-)
• H+ ions collect
when NADH and
FADH2 give up e-
CHOICES:
• C = cytoplasm
• M = mitochondrion
• IM = inner
membrane
• IMS = inter
membrane space
• MX = matrix
Where does it take place?
•
•
•
•
ETC
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
NADH and FADH2
(gives up e-)
• H+ ions collect
when NADH and
FADH2 give up e-
• IM
• C
• MX
• MX to IM
• IMS
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
ATP to start glycolysis?
ANSWER: 2
Total ATP made from glycolysis to
pyruvic acid?
ANSWER: 4
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
Net ATP made from glucose to pyruvic
acid?
ANSWER: 2
ATP from Krebs cycle?
ANSWER: 2
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
ATP from ETC and chemiosmosis?
ANSWER: 34
Total ATP from one glucose broken down
(glycolysis + Krebs cycle +
ETC/chemiosmosis) ?
ANSWER:38
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
Number of carbons in glucose?
ANSWER: 6
Number of carbons in pyruvic acid?
ANSWER: 3
What molecule is it?
• That grooms pyruvic acid to
enter the Krebs cycle?
ANSWER: coenzyme A
What molecule is it?
That is the final (ultimate)
electron acceptor?
ANSWER: oxygen
What molecule is it?
That forms when pyruvic acid
breaks down in muscles
(anaerobically)?
ANSWER: lactic acid
What 2 molecules…
• That form when pyruvic acid
breaks down in yeasts
(anaerobically)?
• ANSWER: carbon dioxide and
ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
What molecule is it?
• An electron carrier formed from
glycolysis?
• ANSWER:NAD+ to NADH
What molecule is it?
• 2 electron carriers formed in the
Krebs cycle?
• ANSWER: NADH and FADH2
What molecule…
• Forms after H+ ions go
through ATP synthase?
• ANSWER: ATP
What molecule is it?
• That is formed after H+ ions join
with oxygen?
• ANSWER: H2O
What molecule is it?
• That forms as a one-carbon waste
product in the Krebs cycle?
• ANSWER: carbon dioxide
What molecule is it?
• That is a 6-carbon molecule that
forms temporarily in the Krebs
cycle (2-C acetyl CoA and a 4-C
compound)?
• ANSWER: citric acid
Which is the form in each that is
filled carrying e-?
• NAD+ or NADH?
• FADH2 or FAD?
• ANSWER: NADH and FADH2
As e- go down the ETC, do they do
it…?
• Gradually (step by step)
• OR
• Quickly (all at once)?
• ANSWER: gradually
Pyruvic acid gets “cut and
groomed” by what and to go
where?
• ANSWER:
• BY Coenzyme A to go into
the Krebs cycle
What is chemiosmosis?
• The diffusion of _____________ from
______ concentration to
___________ concentration across a
________________.
• ANSWER: H+ ions, High to Low,
membrane
Where do the H+ ions collect
after the NADH and FADH2
dropped them off and they got
pulled to here?
• ANSWER:
• Intermembrane Space