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prepared by Mark Hollier,
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
CHAPTER
24
Nutrition,
Metabolism,
and Body
Temperature
Regulation
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A(n) __________ nutrient is one that the
body cannot synthesize rapidly enough to
be useful.
a)
b)
c)
d)
regulatory
essential
endemic
caloric
A(n) __________ nutrient is one that the
body cannot synthesize rapidly enough to
be useful.
a)
b)
c)
d)
regulatory
essential
endemic
caloric
What is a good source of unsaturated fats?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nuts
Meats
Margarine
Dairy
What is a good source of unsaturated fats?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nuts
Meats
Margarine
Dairy
It is possible for vegetarians to obtain
complete proteins by combining
__________ and __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
bread; vitamins
fats; pasta
legumes; cereal grains
milk; sugar
It is possible for vegetarians to obtain
complete proteins by combining
__________ and __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
bread; vitamins
fats; pasta
legumes; cereal grains
milk; sugar
The major metabolic function for most
vitamins is that they assist enzymes by
serving as __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
sources of ATP
active sites
substrates
coenzymes
The major metabolic function for most
vitamins is that they assist enzymes by
serving as __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
sources of ATP
active sites
substrates
coenzymes
Which of the following minerals is required
in moderate amounts (>200 mg per day)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Iron
Magnesium
Iodine
Fluorine
Which of the following minerals is required
in moderate amounts (>200 mg per day)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Iron
Magnesium
Iodine
Fluorine
In general metabolic terms, food digestion
is a form of __________, while building new
protein molecules is a form of __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
metabolism; cellular respiration
anabolism; catabolism
cellular respiration; metabolism
catabolism; anabolism
In general metabolic terms, food digestion
is a form of __________, while building new
protein molecules is a form of __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
metabolism; cellular respiration
anabolism; catabolism
cellular respiration; metabolism
catabolism; anabolism
ATP produced during the Krebs cycle is
formed by what mechanism?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Deamination
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation
ATP produced during the Krebs cycle is
formed by what mechanism?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Deamination
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation
What is the true function of molecular
oxygen acquired by the lungs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
O2 catalyzes the breaking of bonds in the glucose
molecule.
O2 catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
O2 serves as the final electron acceptor for the
oxidation of food molecules.
O2 drives energy-dependent processes in our cells.
What is the true function of molecular
oxygen acquired by the lungs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
O2 catalyzes the breaking of bonds in the glucose
molecule.
O2 catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
O2 serves as the final electron acceptor for the
oxidation of food molecules.
O2 drives energy-dependent processes in our cells.
Predict what would happen to ATP
production if a virus pierced holes in the
inner mitochondrial membrane.
a)
b)
c)
d)
ATP production would be unchanged because the
actual enzymes would not be affected.
ATP production would increase 10 times because
more H+ could flow back into the matrix.
ATP production would decrease because a
hydrogen ion gradient could not be established.
ATP production would decrease because the virus
destroyed the ATP synthase enzymes.
Predict what would happen to ATP
production if a virus pierced holes in the
inner mitochondrial membrane.
a)
b)
c)
d)
ATP production would be unchanged because the
actual enzymes would not be affected.
ATP production would increase 10 times because
more H+ could flow back into the matrix.
ATP production would decrease because a
hydrogen ion gradient could not be established.
ATP production would decrease because the virus
destroyed the ATP synthase enzymes.
Which of the following processes is likely to
occur in the skeletal muscle cells during
sprinting?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
The Krebs cycle
Lactic acid oxidation to pyruvic acid
Which of the following processes is likely to
occur in the skeletal muscle cells during
sprinting?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
The Krebs cycle
Lactic acid oxidation to pyruvic acid
Why don’t the electrons carried by NADH in
the cytosol generate as many ATP as the
electrons carried by NADH in the
mitochondrial matrix?
a)
b)
c)
d)
There aren’t as many electrons in the cytosol.
The cytosolic electrons must be shuttled to the
matrix at a loss of energy.
The cytosolic electrons are transported to a
different ATP synthase that is less efficient.
They are smaller electrons.
Why don’t the electrons carried by NADH in
the cytosol generate as many ATP as the
electrons carried by NADH in the
mitochondrial matrix?
a)
b)
c)
d)
There aren’t as many electrons in the cytosol.
The cytosolic electrons must be shuttled to the
matrix at a loss of energy.
The cytosolic electrons are transported to a
different ATP synthase that is less efficient.
They are smaller electrons.
The process whereby excess glucose is
stored in cells is called __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycolysis
The process whereby excess glucose is
stored in cells is called __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycolysis
Why isn’t it sufficient to reduce only dietary
fat intake to prevent new fatty deposits from
forming in the body?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Because ketone bodies form when fat intake is
insufficient.
Acetyl CoA is a starting point for fatty acid
synthesis.
Because muscle gets converted to fat.
Because cholesterol gets converted to fat.
Why isn’t it sufficient to reduce only dietary
fat intake to prevent new fatty deposits from
forming in the body?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Because ketone bodies form when fat intake is
insufficient.
Acetyl CoA is a starting point for fatty acid
synthesis.
Because muscle gets converted to fat.
Because cholesterol gets converted to fat.
Which of the following molecules is
produced in the process of detoxifying
harmful ammonia?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid
Amine
Urea
Keto acids
Which of the following molecules is
produced in the process of detoxifying
harmful ammonia?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid
Amine
Urea
Keto acids
What is the primary process by which
insulin is released after a meal is ingested?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Insulin is secreted in direct response to blood
glucose.
The brain sends a hormone to the pancreas to
stimulate insulin release.
Insulin release is constant.
The vagus nerve innervates the pancreas and upon
food ingestion fires action potentials that stimulate
insulin secretion.
What is the primary process by which
insulin is released after a meal is ingested?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Insulin is secreted in direct response to blood
glucose.
The brain sends a hormone to the pancreas to
stimulate insulin release.
Insulin release is constant.
The vagus nerve innervates the pancreas and upon
food ingestion fires action potentials that stimulate
insulin secretion.
What is the primary objective during the
postabsorptive state?
a)
b)
c)
d)
To collect and remove glucose from the blood and
deposit it in cells
To convert fat to protein
To maintain blood glucose at around 70–110
mg/100 ml of blood
To elevate blood glucose to the highest possible
level to ensure adequate delivery to the brain
What is the primary objective during the
postabsorptive state?
a)
b)
c)
d)
To collect and remove glucose from the blood and
deposit it in cells
To convert fat to protein
To maintain blood glucose at around 70–110
mg/100 ml of blood
To elevate blood glucose to the highest possible
level to ensure adequate delivery to the brain
Where are the two primary sources of
glucose during the postabsorptive state?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Greater omentum and subcutaneous layer
Stomach and intestine
Liver and skeletal muscle
Brain and skin
Where are the two primary sources of
glucose during the postabsorptive state?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Greater omentum and subcutaneous layer
Stomach and intestine
Liver and skeletal muscle
Brain and skin
Hyperglycemic hormones include glucagon
and __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
insulin
epinephrine
GIP
aldosterone
Hyperglycemic hormones include glucagon
and __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
insulin
epinephrine
GIP
aldosterone
About __________ of the body’s required
cholesterol is dietary.
a)
b)
c)
d)
50%
85%
15%
100%
About __________ of the body’s required
cholesterol is dietary.
a)
b)
c)
d)
50%
85%
15%
100%
Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
considered “good”?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for
destruction.
HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues
for biosynthesis of steroid hormones.
HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue.
HDLs are actually considered “bad” cholesterol.
Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
considered “good”?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The cholesterol transported by HDLs is
destined for destruction.
HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues
for biosynthesis of steroid hormones.
HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue.
HDLs are actually considered “bad” cholesterol.
Heat is produced internally by __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
friction between body parts
breaking of bonds within ATP
muscle contraction
all of the above
Heat is produced internally by __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
friction between body parts
breaking of bonds within ATP
muscle contraction
all of the above
Which of the following structures is
responsible for feeding behavior?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pituitary
medulla
pons
hypothalamus
Which of the following structures is
responsible for feeding behavior?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pituitary
medulla
pons
hypothalamus
Which of the following factors is
responsible for regulation of food intake?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hormones such as leptin or NPY
Body temperature
Psychological factors
All of the above
Which of the following factors is
responsible for regulation of food intake?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hormones such as leptin or NPY
Body temperature
Psychological factors
All of the above
The basal metabolic rate can most
effectively be defined as the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
lowest point of energy used by the body
amount of energy needed to maintain life
maximal energy used by the body
energy required to digest a meal
The basal metabolic rate can most
effectively be defined as the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
lowest point of energy used by the body
amount of energy needed to maintain life
maximal energy used by the body
energy required to digest a meal
Which of the following has the greatest
effect on the BMR?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Body surface area
Muscle mass
Fitness level
Gender
Which of the following has the greatest
effect on the BMR?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Body surface area
Muscle mass
Fitness level
Gender
Of the following heat-promoting
mechanisms, which appears to be most
effective in adults?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Constriction of cutaneous vessels
Shivering
Increased metabolic rate
Thyroxine secretion
Of the following heat-promoting
mechanisms, which appears to be most
effective in adults?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Constriction of cutaneous vessels
Shivering
Increased metabolic rate
Thyroxine secretion
Which of the following is not a cause of the
low metabolic rate typical of the elderly?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Declining efficiency of the endocrine system
Muscle and bone wasting
The liver has become more efficient in
detoxification
The elderly are less active
Which of the following is not a cause of the
low metabolic rate typical of the elderly?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Declining efficiency of the endocrine system
Muscle and bone wasting
The liver has become more efficient in
detoxification
The elderly are less active