Download Comings et al. (1996)

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

Behavioral epigenetics wikipedia , lookup

Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup

Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup

Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup

Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 wikipedia , lookup

Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup

Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup

Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup

Gene therapy of the human retina wikipedia , lookup

RNA-Seq wikipedia , lookup

Saethre–Chotzen syndrome wikipedia , lookup

Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis wikipedia , lookup

Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup

Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup

Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup

Gene desert wikipedia , lookup

Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup

Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup

Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup

NEDD9 wikipedia , lookup

Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup

Designer baby wikipedia , lookup

Microevolution wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
The D2 Receptor Gene in Gambling
The study of Comings et al. (1996):
Gambling has been defined as an impulse control
disorder (DSM-IV, 1994), and has many similarities
with alcoholism and substance dependence.
Researchers have found a link between the D2A1
allele gene and drug addiction, some forms of
severe alcoholism and other impulsive, addictive
behaviors.
A United States study examined whether a similar
pattern was associated with pathological gambling.
Contributor
© POSbase 2005
The D2 Receptor Gene in Gambling
Participants were 936 non-Hispanic Caucasians,
including:
 222 pathological gamblers diagnosed
according to the DSM-IV (1994) criteria for
pathological gambling
 714 controls screened to exclude drug and
alcohol abuse.
© POSbase 2005
The D2 Receptor Gene in Gambling
Of the 222 pathological gamblers:
 171 contributed blood samples.
 102 contributed blood and completed a
gambling questionnaire.
Of the 714 controls:
 484 of these were obtained from previously
published studies.
 The remaining 230 were newly tested for the
current study.
© POSbase 2005
The D2 Receptor Gene in Gambling
The genotypes were read from blood samples
by two blind readers.
That is, they were blind as to whether the
participant was a pathological gambler or a
control. This eliminated a bias due to positive
test strategy, that is a bias to incorrectly read
the data in a manner that would support the
hypotheses.
© POSbase 2005
The D2 Receptor Gene in Gambling
Dependent measures were:
Prevalence of the D2A1 allele: The percentage of
individuals carrying the D2A1/D2A1 or D2A1/D2A2
genotype.
Frequency of the D2A1 allele: The total number of
D2A1 alleles divided by the total number of haploid
sets of chromosomes.
© POSbase 2005
The D2 Receptor Gene in Gambling
N
Prevalence
of D2A1
Frequency
of D2A1
Controls
714
26%
0.15
Pathological Gamblers
171
51%
0.27
Upper half of gambling score
(44)
41%
Lower half of gambling score
(58)
64%
© POSbase 2005
The D2 Receptor Gene in Gambling
Both prevalence and frequency were higher in
pathological gamblers than in controls.
When the 102 pathological gamblers who had
completed the gambling questionnaire were
divided according to their gambling scores, those
scoring in the upper half had higher prevalence
than those scoring in the lower half.
These results suggest that genetic defects in the
dopamine receptor gene do play a role in the
development of pathological gambling.
© POSbase 2005