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Learning Objective O U T L 19 I N E Chapter Values and Ethics Objectives Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards 19 C H A P T E R Appropriate Ethical Practices Values and Ethics Copyright © 2001 South-Western College Publishing Co. Chapter 19 Learning Objective Values and Ethics Learning Objectives 1. Define the term “business ethics.” 2. Explain how ethical questions may produce different answers when they’re asked by individuals, by companies and organizations, and by entire societies. 3. Explain how an integrated approach to moral decision making may help. 4. Tell the difference between normative and non-normative judgements. 5. Explain how moral standards are different than other approaches. Chapter 19 Learning Objective Values and Ethics Learning Objectives 6. Explain the differences among the four basic resources for making moral decisions. 7. List the four capacities needed to make moral judgements. 8. Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Define the term “business ethics.” DEFINING BUSINESS ETHICS • Ethics: a field of inquiry, or discipline, in which matters of right and wrong, good and evil, virtue and vice, are systematically examined. Making Moral Judgements • Morality: not to a discipline but to patterns of behavior that are actually common in everyday life. Applying Ethical Standards Three Levels of Inquiry Appropriate Ethical Practices • The Individual: concerns by which selfinterest is balanced with concerns for fairness and the common good. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Define the term “business ethics.” • The Organization: concerns the group conscience that every company has as it pursues its economic objectives. • The Economy: Concerns the pattern of social, political, and economic forces that drives individuals and businesses, the values that define capitalism, for example. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Explain how ethical questions may produce different answers. THREE VIEWS OF DECISION MAKING The Moral Point of View • A willingness to seek out and act on reasons having good reasons for the decisions you make. • Requires the decision maker to be impartial. Decision makers will demonstrate a commitment to rationality. The Economic Point of View • Decisions made on a purely economics basis can be unethical. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how ethical questions may produce different answers. Defining Business Ethics The Legal Point of View Three Views of Decision Making • Not everything that is immoral is, in fact, illegal. An Integrated Approach • The law is often slow to develop new areas of concern. Making Moral Judgements • The law often employs moral concepts which are not precisely defined. Applying Ethical Standards • The law does not provide specific guidance for behavior in all possible instances. Appropriate Ethical Practices • The law is generally seen as an inefficient instrument, inviting expensive legislation and litigation. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Explain how an integrated approach to moral decision making may help. AN INTEGRATED APPROACH A process that integrates morality, economics, and law. The Nature of Moral Judgements Normative judgements express our values • good or bad • right or wrong • better or worse • ought to be or not to be Moral judgements • General concepts used to evaluate both group and individual behavior Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how moral standards are different than other approaches. Defining Business Ethics Distinguishing Characteristics of Moral Judgements Three Views of Decision Making • They Have Serious Consequences to Human Well-Being An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices • Their Validity Rests on the Adequacy of the Reasons Which Are Used to Support and Justify Them • They Override Self-Interest • They Are Based on Impartial Considerations Resources for Decision Making • Proposals: suggested actions Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how moral standards are different than other approaches. Defining Business Ethics • Observations: descriptive statements Three Views of Decision Making • Value Judgements: normative statements, guiding the actions of others An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices • Assumptions: reflecting statements Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Explain the differences among the four basic resources for making moral decisions. MAKING MORAL JUDGEMENTS Ethical Sensibility • Your capacity to impose ethical order on a situation • To become aware of an ethical conflict Ethical Reasoning • To reason carefully about the situation to determine the ethical problem • Offers opportunities for a solution Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Explain the differences among the four basic resources for making moral decisions. Ethical Conduct • What to do? • Moral courage - standing up for what is right Ethical Leadership Making Moral Judgements • Ethical examples provided by an organization’s top officials Applying Ethical Standards • Integrity Appropriate Ethical Practices Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics. APPLYING ETHICAL STANDARDS TO BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Three Views of Decision Making Disclosure An Integrated Approach • To reveal personal or privileged information could be both unethical and illegal. Making Moral Judgements • Judgement, common sense, and discretion often form the basis for disclosing information. Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Oral Communication • Oral communication must follow be the same rules that apply to written communication. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Three Views of Decision Making An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Define the term “business ethics.” Correspondence • To what extent does your correspondence reflect your ethical beliefs? Slogans, Symbols, and Corporate Credos • Does the things a company says about it’s products and about itself really mean anything? Applying Ethical Standards Evaluation, Promotions, and Rewards Appropriate Ethical Practices • How are promotions determined? • Are employees treated fairly, without bias? • How are rewards dispensed? Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics. Defining Business Ethics Policies • In writing? Disseminated? Made clear? Three Views of Decision Making • Consistent with ethical practices of the industry or business? An Integrated Approach Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Interaction with Other Organizations • Ethical firms often have specific, wellestablished policies regarding proprietary information. Interaction with the Government, the Press, and the Public • Ethical firms: accountable for government reports and to the media Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics. APPROPRIATE ETHICAL PRACTICES FOR BUSINESS Three Views of Decision Making What is an ethical company? An Integrated Approach • corporate credos that define and give direction to corporate values Making Moral Judgements • ethics programs where company-wide efforts focus on ethical issues Applying Ethical Standards • ethical codes that provide specific guidance to employees in functional business areas29 Appropriate Ethical Practices Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics. Defining Business Ethics Obligations Beyond the Minimum Three Views of Decision Making • Individuals and organizations must recognize that positive obligations exist beyond the minimum standards of basic human behavior. An Integrated Approach • Ethical ideals go beyond positive obligations. Making Moral Judgements • Ethical ideals inform and inspire the goals that people and organizations of integrity aspire to. Applying Ethical Standards • Corporate ethical codes are useful in distinguishing between what a company holds itself to as an obligation, and what the company holds for itself as ideals. Appropriate Ethical Practices Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics The End Copyright © 2000 South-Western College Publishing Co.