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aiming at virtue in plato
aiming at virtue in plato

... SV does not by itself rule in or out any non-evaluatively described actiontype, and it says nothing about how to determine what the virtuous action actually is, which is precisely Cleitophon’s complaint. I thus distinguish between establishing the supreme aim of an agent’s action (which is the funct ...
Moral Beauty as An Overriding Imperative in
Moral Beauty as An Overriding Imperative in

... philosophical traditions whose subject matter is at the center of the debate about the nature of moral principles and motivation. At the end of this chapter, I propose Confucian understanding of the self as situated in a societal context and argue that the discrepancy among moral principles is only ...
The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory
The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory

... drug use, family responsibilities, and professional ethics. Can war be just? Is euthanasia ever justifiable? This volume focuses, however, on questions that are more abstract than these. For example, what kinds of actions are right or wrong? These questions may seem far removed from concrete issues o ...
Susan Wolf on moral perfection and the good life: a critical analysis
Susan Wolf on moral perfection and the good life: a critical analysis

... there is also another possibility. Instead of looking for a single comprehensive system, one can include different viewpoints. Somehow, when ideals and the good life are in question, moral theorists tend to stick to only one system and a single point of view. But in life, there are several aspects t ...
can a consequentialist be a real friend? (who cares?)
can a consequentialist be a real friend? (who cares?)

... words, they are too much of relevance to any kind of agent, regardless of moral convictions. The question here is, “Can a consequentialist be a real friend?” But what is a ‘consequentialist’? Variants on this notion are elaborated in the debate, yet I believe ‘consequentialism’ should firstly be exp ...
Morally Permissible Moral Mistakes
Morally Permissible Moral Mistakes

... mistakes. Dreier argues that supererogation is possible because while a certain action might be recommended “from the point of view of beneficence” that point of view ignores certain reasons, such as self-interested reasons, which are nevertheless relevant when the agent considers what to do. On Dre ...
Constructivism in Ethics and Metaethics
Constructivism in Ethics and Metaethics

... the nature of moral truths and moral obligations. Rawls’ political constructivism is more modest than ethical constructivism in other respects. First, the scope of political constructivism is narrower than constructivism understood as a metaethics. This is because political constructivism concerns o ...
Reasons, rational requirements, and the putative pseudo
Reasons, rational requirements, and the putative pseudo

... with the philosophical arguments for it?9 Of course not. For whether it is ultimately true or not, it is neither obvious nor incontestably established that regularly doing the outward deeds required by morality comports with the weight of nonmoral reasons. After all, regularly doing those deeds enta ...
Evolution and moral naturalism - Victoria University of Wellington
Evolution and moral naturalism - Victoria University of Wellington

... that emerged because this way of thinking provided our ancestors with some sort of reproductive advantage over their competition. What sort of advantage? On this point hypotheses diverge, but what is striking about these nativist hypotheses is that they seem entirely compatible with the error theore ...
in defence of moral error theory
in defence of moral error theory

... ways but they do not display the feature that moral error theorists find especially queer about purported moral facts—they do not entail categorical reasons. Someone might object that, e.g., logical facts do entail categorical reasons for belief. An example might be that the fact that p and if p the ...
Is There Moral High Ground?
Is There Moral High Ground?

... we must relativize truth. The only other option is to accept both ours and the Taliban’s claims and conclude that there are true moral contradictions: it is both true and not true that it is good to educate women. Pace dialethism, we should assume that true moral contradictions are untenable. We may ...
how optional is morality
how optional is morality

... exclusive5: insofar as motivation is moral, it cannot be self-interested.6 Importantly, neither are they mutually exhaustive: most motivation is neither moral nor selfinterested. It does not follow and is not the case that moral motivation is incompatible with objective self-interest, or that self- ...
Thesis edit2 - University of Tilburg
Thesis edit2 - University of Tilburg

... This paper fuels the debate on the innateness of morality by testing four prominent notions on the moral domain: i) the morality versus convention nexus (c.f. Turiel, 1979), ii) the theory of the four moral domains (c.f. Haidt and Joseph, 2004), iii) the ‘big three’ ethics (c.f. Shweder, 2008) and i ...
Reasons and Moral Principles
Reasons and Moral Principles

... would have done so if the circumstances had been different. Particularists can therefore happily allow that reasons must be general in this sense. Genuine moral principles must also be substantive or informative in some sense that goes beyond the requisite modal implications. For instance, if “murde ...
The Moral Theories of Kant and Hume
The Moral Theories of Kant and Hume

... same in every rational being is the foundation of what is deemed to be a perfect form of moral community. The ground of self-esteem in critical morality, however, not only does not oppose one to others but affirms something which, Kant holds, is identically realized in all rational beings. In contra ...
Handout #2: Moral Motivation and Moral Semantics
Handout #2: Moral Motivation and Moral Semantics

... Michael   Smith's   book   is   focused   on   a   related   tension,   which   he   calls   "the   moral   problem."     His   problem  consists  of  three  claims  (12).   ...
Normative Ethics, Normative Epistemology, and Quine`s Holism
Normative Ethics, Normative Epistemology, and Quine`s Holism

... independent course of observable nature, we can judge the morality of an act only by our moral standards themselves; adding that science \"thanks to its links with observation, retains some title to a correspondence theory of truth; but a coherence theory is evidently the lot of ethics\".15 However, ...
The Rosewood Report on Practical Wisdom
The Rosewood Report on Practical Wisdom

... proposed definitions that include normative terms. Both Eddy and Valerie see wisdom as importantly related to what it is to live well, to achieve things in life that are good or worthwhile. Some of the psychologists in the group worried about how to operationalize and test conceptions of wisdom that ...
On Three Defenses of Sentimentalism
On Three Defenses of Sentimentalism

... ease, and a wrong judgment or opinion. In his view, the moral sense is originally infallible, but some external causes can distort it. If this is the case, some standard is necessary to identify the distortion. This standard must be different from the moral sense because the moral sense alone cannot ...
Rightness and Responsibility
Rightness and Responsibility

... with moral requirements to the extent they are deliberating correctly and are otherwise practically rational. The condition of correct deliberation rules out cases in which an agent does not acknowledge the truth of moral judgments or does not acknowledge that such judgments have normative significa ...
Intuitive Methods of Moral Decision Making, A
Intuitive Methods of Moral Decision Making, A

... source of moral objectivity and reasons for what we ought to do. I will address this concern later in the paper. The error with the first point is the confusion between a pedagogical approach to applied ethics and actual moral decision making.13 In order to be applied, general moral principles need ...
rethinkingdemandingness
rethinkingdemandingness

... Plausibly, some of the resistance to Singer’s conclusions about our duties of beneficence derives from philosophical intuition, not mere self-interest. But what intuition are skeptics reacting to? It may be an intuition about the scope and content of moral requirements to the effect that morality do ...
Moral Demands and Ethical Theory: The Case of
Moral Demands and Ethical Theory: The Case of

... why the demandingness objection is typically considered as exclusively targeting consequentialism. Recall our original question: why is only consequentialism targeted in this way? It seems that other moral theories are comparably demanding. Take two popular alternatives to consequentialism. Deontolo ...
Aristotle and the Early Stoics on Moral Responsibility
Aristotle and the Early Stoics on Moral Responsibility

... first for those studying virtue and second for legislators for assigning honor and punishment (1109b30-35, quoted above). Both these reasons involve only adult humans. In NE 3.2-3 Aristotle turns his analysis to the activity peculiar to adult humans, “choice” (proairesis). Choice is a sort of volunt ...
Carving a Niche for Immoderate Moral Realism
Carving a Niche for Immoderate Moral Realism

... tell us what makes the lower-tier truths true. If Wedgwood is right to think of our theories as inferences to the best explanation of our lower-tier moral beliefs, however, our general moral beliefs are epistemologically or justificatorily substantive.3 They form the foundation upon which we base ou ...
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Virtue ethics

Virtue ethics (or aretaic ethics /ˌærəˈteɪɪk/ from the Greek arete) emphasizes the role of one's character and the virtues that one's character embodies for determining or evaluating ethical behavior. Virtue ethics is one of the three major approaches to normative ethics, often contrasted to deontology, which emphasizes duty to rules, and consequentialism, which derives rightness or wrongness from the outcome of the act itself.The difference between these three approaches to morality tends to lie more in the ways in which moral dilemmas are approached, rather than in the moral conclusions reached. For example, a consequentialist may argue that lying is wrong because of the negative consequences produced by lying—though a consequentialist may allow that certain foreseeable consequences might make some lying (""white lies"") acceptable. A deontologist might argue that lying is always wrong, regardless of any potential ""good"" that might come from lying. A virtue ethicist, however, would focus less on lying in any particular instance and instead consider what a decision to tell a lie or not tell a lie said about one's character and moral behavior. As such, the morality of lying would be determined on a case-by-case basis, which would be based on factors such as personal benefit, group benefit, and intentions (as to whether they are benevolent or malevolent).
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