Download AP World History - KISWorldHistory

SCOTT C. SNYDER
Barbers Hill High School
[email protected]
AP World History
Chapter 7
Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia
The Islamic Heartlands In The Middle And
Late Abbasid Era
1. The vast Abbasid empire gradually disintegrated between the 9th and 13th
centuries.
2. List the aspects of the disintegration of the Abbasid empire.
Revolts spread among the peasants, slavery increased, and the position of women was
further eroded.
3. Divisions within the empire opened the way for Christian crusaders from western
Europe to invade and, for a short time, establish warrior kingdoms in the Muslim
heartlands.
4. Who was the third Abbasid caliph that reigned from 775-785? Al-Mahdi
5. One of the most famous and enduring of the Abbasid caliphs was Harun alRashid.
6. The Thousand and One Nights are a compilation of folk tales from the Islamic
empire.
7. In 846, slave mercenaries murdered the reigning caliph and placed one of his sons
on the throne.
8. Constant civil violence drained the treasury and alienated the subjects of the
Abbasids.
9. The Abbasid regime gave the revenues from various parts of the empire to the
military chiefs and their retainers.
10. Spiraling taxation and outright pillaging led to the destruction or abandonment
of many villages in the richest province of the empire.
11. Some peasants formed bandit gangs and others joined the crowds of vagabonds.
12. Who were the Shi’i sects? Dissendent religious groups
13. The harem and the veil became the twin emblems of women’s increasing
subjugation to men and confinement to the home in the Abbasid era.
14. Where were the wives and the concubines of the Abbasid caliphs restricted to?
The forbidden quarters of the imperial palace.
15. Who invaded the heartlands of the Abbasid empire and captured Baghdad?
The Buyids of Persia
16. The Seljuk Turks were a group of nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia.
17. Define Crusades. Series of military adventures initially launched by western
Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims.
18. Describe the strong leader Saladin. He was a Muslim leader in the last decades
of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam.
An Age Of Learning And Artistic Refinement
19. Although town life became more dangerous, the rapid growth and increasing
prosperity that characterized the first centuries of Muslim expansion continued until
late in the Abbasid era.
20. The tapestries and rugs of Muslim peoples were in great demand from Europe to
China.
21. Omar Khayyam’s Persian literature was known as the Rubiyat.
22. Shah-Nama (Book of Kings) was the lengthy epic poem by Firdawsi.
23. Two Muslim discoveries in chemistry were the creation of the objective
experiment and al-Razi’s scheme of classifying all material substances into three
categories: animal, vegetable, and mineral.
24. Muslim technicians greatly improved devices such as the astrolabe and armillary
sphere for measuring and mapping the position of celestial bodies.
25. Orthodox religious scholars were known as the ulama.
26. al-Ghazali was one of the greatest Islamic theologians who struggled to fuse the
Greek and Quranic traditions.
27. Sufis were wandering mystics who sought a personal union with Allah.
28. The Mongols were a central Asian nomadic people.
29. Chinggis Khan was the war commander of the Mongols.
30. The Mongols continued conquering westward until they were finally defeated by
the Mameluks, or Turkic slaves.
The Coming of Islam to South Asia
31. From the 7th century onward Muslim invaders, traders, and migrants carried the
Islamic faith.
32. Foreigners to the South Asian empires converted to the Hindu or Buddhist
religion.
33. Socially, Islam was highly egalitarian, proclaiming all believers equal in the
sight of God.
34. Harsha was the second son of a rival king, who helped unify India.
35. Harsha’s reign gave way to a long period of peace and prosperity.
36. The capital at Kanauj, was restored in thanks to Harsha.
37. Harsha died without a successor in 646, and his kingdom was quickly pulled
apart.
38. Political divisions allowed for Muslim invaders to enter the subcontinent.
39. Hajjaj, was the viceroy of the eastern provinces of the Umayyad Empire.
40. Muhammad ibn Qasim led more than 10,000 horse and camel mounted warriors
into Sind to avenge the assault on Arab shipping.
41. Indian scientific learning rivaled with Greece as the most advanced of the
ancient world.
42. Some of the tales of the book Arabian Nights, were based on ancient Indian
stories.
43. After the initial conquests by Muhammad ibn Qasim little territory was added to
the Muslim foothold on the subcontinent.
44. Mahmud of Ghazni, led a series of expeditions that started nearly two centuries
of Muslim raiding and conquest in northern India.
45. The key figure in seizing political control in north India was a tenacious military
commander of Persian extraction, Muhammad of Ghur.
46. After Muhammad was assassinated in 1206, Quth-ud-din-Aibak, one of his slave
lieutenants seized power.
47. The largest Muslim community in the subcontinent was Bengal.
48. Buddhists made up the majority of Indians who converted to Islam.
49. Al-Biruni complained openly about the prevailing Indian disdain for the
Muslims.
50. The invaders increasingly adopted the practice of marrying women at an earlier
age.
51. Sati, is the burning of widows on the same funeral pyres as their deceased
husband.
52. Membership in these devotional, or bhakti, cult groups was open to all, including
women and untouchables.
53. Kabir was a remarkable mystic who wrote religious poetry and songs of
worship.
54. Shiva was the Hindu god of destruction and reproduction.
55. Vishnu was the Hindu god of sacrifice.
56. Unlike the Zorostorians in Persia or the animistic peoples of the Maghrib, most
Indians showed little inclination to convert to the Muslim faith.
The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
57. The trading empire of Shrivijaya, was centered on the Strait of Malacca between
Malaya and northeast Sumatra.
58. The key to widespread conversion to Islam was the powerful trading city of
Malacca.
59. Islam spread to east Sumatra and to the trading center of Demak on the north
coast of Java.
60. Sufis, who spread Islam in Southeast Asia, varied widely in personality and
approach.