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Biology EOC Review Questions QUESTION SET 1 Question #1 Fats are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins Question #1 Fats are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins Question #2 Some organelles have their own DNA that is distinct from the cell’s nuclear DNA. This is true of which organelle? A. cell wall B. mitochondrion C. plasma membrane D. vacuole Question #2 Some organelles have their own DNA that is distinct from the cell’s nuclear DNA. This is true of which organelle? A. cell wall B. mitochondrion C. plasma membrane D. vacuole Question #3 Enzymes are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins Question #3 Enzymes are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins Question #4 ______in plants is most similar to a sex cell in humans? A. egg B. embryo C. pollen D. zygote Question #4 _____in plants is most similar to a sex cell in humans? A. egg B. embryo C. pollen D. zygote Question #5 Why do cells need buffering agents (buffers)? A. to maintain constant internal environment at a pH of 10 B. to minimize the changes in pH of the internal environment C. to function properly in an extremely basic internal environment D. to function properly in an extremely acid internal environment Question #5 Why do cells need buffering agents (buffers)? A. to maintain constant internal environment at a pH of 10 B. to minimize the changes in pH of the internal environment C. to function properly in an extremely basic internal environment D. to function properly in an extremely acid internal environment Question #6 Placing a grape in a concentrated syrup solution will cause it to shrivel. Which statement best describes what is occurring? A. Water left the grape cells by osmosis. B. Water entered the cells of the grape by osmosis. C. Osmosis caused sugars to enter the grape cells. D. Sugars in the grape caused water to leave the cells. Question #6 Placing a grape in a concentrated syrup solution will cause it to shrivel. Which statement best describes what is occurring? A. Water left the grape cells by osmosis. B. Water entered the cells of the grape by osmosis. C. Osmosis caused sugars to enter the grape cells. D. Sugars in the grape caused water to leave the cells. Question #7 Which cell process will move substances along a concentration gradient, with the help of a carrier protein? A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. active transport Question #7 Which cell process will move substances along a concentration gradient, with the help of a carrier protein? A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. active transport Question #8 Amylase is found in human saliva and breaks down starch into sugar, beginning the process of digestion. Which term best describes amylase? A. enzyme B. fatty acid C. lipid D. starch Question #8 Amylase is found in human saliva and breaks down starch into sugar, beginning the process of digestion. Which term best describes amylase? A. enzyme B. fatty acid C. lipid D. starch Question #9 The bacteria that cause tetanus can survive inside a puncture wound that has healed on the outer surface of the skin. Through what process do these bacteria acquire the energy they need to survive? A. aerobic respiration B. anaerobic respiration C. chemosynthesis D. photosynthesis Question #9 The bacteria that cause tetanus can survive inside a puncture wound that has healed on the outer surface of the skin. Through what process do these bacteria acquire the energy they need to survive? A. aerobic respiration B. anaerobic respiration C. chemosynthesis D. photosynthesis Question #10 Which of the following occurs in humans, when oxygen is present? A. anaerobic respiration B. aerobic respiration C. fermentation D. photosynthesis Question #10 Which of the following occurs in humans, when oxygen is present? A. anaerobic respiration B. aerobic respiration C. fermentation D. photosynthesis Question #11 Which statement best distinguishes aerobic from anaerobic respiration? A. Only aerobic respiration involves fermentation. B. Only anaerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria. C. Only aerobic respiration requires oxygen. D. Only anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide. Question #11 Which statement best distinguishes aerobic from anaerobic respiration? A. Only aerobic respiration involves fermentation. B. Only anaerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria. C. Only aerobic respiration requires oxygen. D. Only anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide. Question #12 Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? A. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration. B. Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration. C. Only anaerobic respiration produces measureable amounts of ATP. D. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same amount of ATP. Question #12 Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? A. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration. B. Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration. C. Only anaerobic respiration produces measureable amounts of ATP. D. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same amount of ATP. QUESTION SET 2 Question #1 A segment of a DNA strand has the following bases: TAC GAT What is the complementary strand of RNA? A. UAG CAU B. TAG CAT C. ATG CTA D. AUG CUA Question #1 A segment of a DNA strand has the following bases: TAC GAT What is the complementary strand of RNA? A. UAG CAU B. TAG CAT C. ATG CTA D. AUG CUA Question #2 Which relationship is most similar to the relationship below? DNA:mRNA A. book: publisher B. truck: factory C. key: lock D. baker: pie Question #2 Which relationship is most similar to the relationship below? DNA:mRNA A. book: publisher B. truck: factory C. key: lock D. baker: pie Question #3 In order for a protein to be produced, which is the final step necessary? A. replication B. nondisjunction C. transcription D. translation Question #3 In order for a protein to be produced, which is the final step necessary? A. replication B. nondisjunction C. transcription D. translation Question #4 Asexual reproduction provides for what to occur? A. meiosis B. budding C. genetic stability D. genetic variation Question #4 Asexual reproduction provides for what to occur? A. meiosis B. budding C. genetic stability D. genetic variation Question #5 Which of the following could likely threaten the survival of a species? A. genetic variation B. beneficial environmental adaptations C. a drastic change in the environment D. changes in the gene pool due to random mating Question #5 Which of the following could likely threaten the survival of a species? A. genetic variation B. beneficial environmental adaptations C. a drastic change in the environment D. changes in the gene pool due to random mating Question #6 Which term best describes the type of cell division in which parent cells produce daughter cells with the haploid number of chromosomes as the parent cells? A. mitosis B. meiosis C. spermatogenesis D. oogenesis Question #6 Which term best describes the type of cell division in which parent cells produce daughter cells with the haploid number of chromosomes as the parent cells? A. mitosis B. meiosis C. spermatogenesis D. oogenesis Question #7 What is the primary cause of variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms? A. cytoplasmic division B. environmental changes C. mutation D. recombination of alleles Question #7 What is the primary cause of variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms? A. cytoplasmic division B. environmental changes C. mutation D. recombination of alleles Question #8 Which of the following results in “crossing-over”? A. meiosis B. budding C. mitosis D. regeneration Question #8 Which of the following results in “crossing-over”? A. meiosis B. budding C. mitosis D. regeneration Question #9 Several matings between the same male white rat and female brown rat produce all white rats. If white is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the genotypes of the parents? A. BBxbb B. Bbxbb C. BBxBb D. BbxBb Question #9 Several matings between the same male white rat and female brown rat produce all white rats. If white is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the genotypes of the parents? A. BBxbb B. Bbxbb C. BBxBb D. BbxBb Question #10 Most sex-linked, recessive traits- including hemophilia and color blindness-appear in males. This phenomenon is best explained by which statement? A. Males have an X chromosome with dominant genes. B. Most of the genes on the X and Y chromosomes of males are recessive. C. In males, the recessive sex-linked genes appear only on the Y chromosome. D. In males, the Y chromosome lacks the genes needed to mask the recessive genes on the X chromosome. Question #10 Most sex-linked, recessive traits- including hemophilia and color blindness-appear in males. This phenomenon is best explained by which statement? A. Males have an X chromosome with dominant genes. B. Most of the genes on the X and Y chromosomes of males are recessive. C. In males, the recessive sex-linked genes appear only on the Y chromosome. D. In males, the Y chromosome lacks the genes needed to mask the recessive genes on the X chromosome. Question #11 Tay-Sachs is a recessive trait. What are the chances that a child will develop Tay-Sachs disease if one parent is homozygous dominant and the other has the disease? A. 0 out of 4 B. 1 out of 4 C. 2 out of 4 D. 3 out of 4 Question #11 Tay-Sachs is a recessive trait. What are the chances that a child will develop Tay-Sachs disease if one parent is homozygous dominant and the other has the disease? A. 0 out of 4 B. 1 out of 4 C. 2 out of 4 D. 3 out of 4 Question #12 Some flowers show codominance. If WW = white and RR = red, which phenotypic ratio would be expected in the offspring of two red and white flowers? A. 1red : 2 red and white: 1 white B. 0 red : 4 red and white: 0 white C. 3 red : 0 red and white: 1 white D. 4 red : 0 red and white: 0 white Question #12 Some flowers show codominance. If WW = white and RR = red, which phenotypic ratio would be expected in the offspring of two red and white flowers? A. 1red : 2 red and white: 1 white B. 0 red : 4 red and white: 0 white C. 3 red : 0 red and white: 1 white D. 4 red : 0 red and white: 0 white Question #13 John and Mary have six children, three with A blood type, two with AB blood type and one with O blood type. What blood types could John and Mary have? A. A and O B. B and O C. AB and AB D. AB and O E. A and B Question #13 John and Mary have six children, three with A blood type, two with AB blood type and one with O blood type. What blood types could John and Mary have? A. A and O B. B and O C. AB and AB D. AB and O E. A and B Question #14 A karyotype of a male would show his 23rd pair as: A. XO B. XXX C. XY D. XYY Question #14 A karyotype of a male would show his 23rd pair as: A. XO B. XXX C. XY D. XYY Question #15 A paleontologist is studying the remnants of a pelvic bone in a whale ancestor. What does this structure likely indicate about the organism? A. It was not related to the whale. B. It swam in the ocean. C. It likely walked on land. D. That whales can adapt to land. Question #15 A paleontologist is studying the remnants of a pelvic bone in a whale ancestor. What does this structure likely indicate about the organism? A. It was not related to the whale. B. It swam in the ocean. C. It likely walked on land. D. That whales can adapt to land. Question #16 Variation within species was important to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which statement does individual variation help explain? A. Resources become limited over long periods of time. B. Populations often increase rapidly and without warning. C. Competition is fierce among members of different species. D. Some organisms survive and reproduce better than others. Question #16 Variation within species was important to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which statement does individual variation help explain? A. Resources become limited over long periods of time. B. Populations often increase rapidly and without warning. C. Competition is fierce among members of different species. D. Some organisms survive and reproduce better than others. Question #17 Which of the following best describes secondary succession? A. growth of moss on a previously active volcano. B. plants sprouting on areas that did not have soil or life before. C. new life developing on the ocean floor surface. D. shrubs beginning to appear in an area that had experienced a forest fire. Question #17 Which of the following best describes secondary succession? A. growth of moss on a previously active volcano. B. plants sprouting on areas that did not have soil or life before. C. new life developing on the ocean floor surface. D. shrubs beginning to appear in an area that had experienced a forest fire. Question #18 Which could be considered anatomical evidence of an evolutionary relationship? A. similarities in DNA sequences B. location of fossils in different strata (rock layers) C. similarities between bone structures D. presence of identical proteins Question #18 Which could be considered anatomical evidence of an evolutionary relationship? A. similarities in DNA sequences B. location of fossils in different strata (rock layers) C. similarities between bone structures D. presence of identical proteins Question #19 Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship between two organisms? A. similarity in behavior B. similarity in DNA C. similarity in habitat D. similarity in niche Question #19 Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship between two organisms? A. similarity in behavior B. similarity in DNA C. similarity in habitat D. similarity in niche QUESTION SET 3 Question #1 An organism is prokaryotic, unicellular and can survive in harsh environments. Which of the following is the most likely kingdom to which it belongs? A. Animal B. Fungi C. Archaebacteria D. Plant Question #1 An organism is prokaryotic, unicellular and can survive in harsh environments. Which of the following is the most likely kingdom to which it belongs? A. Animal B. Fungi C. Archaebacteria D. Plant Question #2 A remora fish attached to the belly of a shark (but not feeding directly from the shark), as seen below, demonstrates which symbiotic relationship? A. commensalism B. mutualism C. parasitism D. predation Question #2 A remora fish attached to the belly of a shark (but not feeding directly from the shark), as seen below, demonstrates which symbiotic relationship? A. commensalism B. mutualism C. parasitism D. predation Question #3 An experiment is done to test the effects of rising pH on an aquatic ecosystem. The experimenter uses two identical tanks with the same amount and temperature of the water. She only changes the pH by adding acid to one of the tanks. Using the same tanks, water and temperature are examples of: A. independent variables B. dependent variables C. limiting factors D. controls Question #3 An experiment is done to test the effects of rising pH on an aquatic ecosystem. The experimenter uses two identical tanks with the same amount and temperature of the water. She only changes the pH by adding acid to one of the tanks. Using the same tanks, water and temperature are examples of: A. independent variables B. dependent variables C. limiting factors D. controls Question #4 Which of the following is a natural adaptation acquired by many different species in an attempt to increase their fitness? A. camouflage B. a reduced reproduction rate C. isolation D. all of the above Question #4 Which of the following is a natural adaptation acquired by many different species in an attempt to increase their fitness? A. camouflage B. a reduced reproduction rate C. isolation D. all of the above Question #5 Which situation would result in the greatest decrease in the human population? A. decreased birth rate and increased death rate B. increased infant mortality and decreased death rate C. decreased death rate and increased birth rate D. increased birth rate and increased infant mortality Question #5 Which situation would result in the greatest decrease in the human population? A. decreased birth rate and increased death rate B. increased infant mortality and decreased death rate C. decreased death rate and increased birth rate D. increased birth rate and increased infant mortality Question #6 In an ocean ecosystem, which is a biotic factor? A. the ocean water B. sediments throughout the ocean C. the flow of current D. the coral seen on the ocean floor Question #6 In an ocean ecosystem, which is a biotic factor? A. the ocean water B. sediments throughout the ocean C. the flow of current D. the coral seen on the ocean floor Question #7 In the carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic material by which process? A. cellular respiration B. decomposition C. photosynthesis D. transpiration Question #7 In the carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic material by which process? A. cellular respiration B. decomposition C. photosynthesis D. transpiration