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Ecosystems
• Which of these statements best describes a
niche in an ecosystem?
– A. the role of a species in its population
– B. the role of a species in its community
– C. the way a species uses the resources in its
habitat
– D. the way a species interacts with other species
in its habitat
• Which of these statements best describes a
niche in an ecosystem?
– A. the role of a species in its population
– B. the role of a species in its community
– C. the way a species uses the resources in its
habitat
– D. the way a species interacts with other species
in its habitat
• Which of the following describes a community?
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A. all populations that live in the same area
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B. all populations that contain the same
species
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C. all populations that live in the same area
and interact
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D. all populations that live in the same area
but do not interact
• Which of the following describes a community?
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A. all populations that live in the same area
•
B. all populations that contain the same
species
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C. all populations that live in the same area
and interact
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D. all populations that live in the same area
but do not interact
• Green plants use energy from the sun to produce food
during the process of photosynthesis. This food
provides energy to an entire food chain. What starting
materials do the plants use to make this food?
• soil and water
• B. water and oxygen
• C. carbon dioxide and water
• D. water, phosphorus, and nitrogen
• Green plants use energy from the sun to produce food
during the process of photosynthesis. This food
provides energy to an entire food chain. What starting
materials do the plants use to make this food?
• soil and water
• B. water and oxygen
• C. carbon dioxide and water
• D. water, phosphorus, and nitrogen
• Why are decomposers an essential part of a
healthy ecosystem?
– A. Decomposers are a necessary part of the diet of
most consumers.
– B. Decomposers convert plant material into a form
that primary consumers can use.
– C. Decomposers make resources available to
producers by breaking down waste materials.
– D. Decomposers extract energy from sunlight as they
break down plant materials, adding returning energy
to the system.
• Why are decomposers an essential part of a
healthy ecosystem?
– A. Decomposers are a necessary part of the diet of
most consumers.
– B. Decomposers convert plant material into a form
that primary consumers can use.
– C. Decomposers make resources available to
producers by breaking down waste materials.
– D. Decomposers extract energy from sunlight as they
break down plant materials, adding returning energy
to the system.
• A scientist is studying a population of elephants
contained in an animal preserve. Which of the
following must be true if the size of the population is
increasing?
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A. The birth rate has dropped to zero.
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B. The birth rate is equal to the death rate.
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C. The death rate is greater than the birth rate.
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D. The birth rate has become greater than the
death rate.
• A scientist is studying a population of elephants
contained in an animal preserve. Which of the
following must be true if the size of the population is
increasing?
•
A. The birth rate has dropped to zero.
•
B. The birth rate is equal to the death rate.
•
C. The death rate is greater than the birth rate.
•
D. The birth rate has become greater than the
death rate.
• Which of the following best describes what
scientists consider when they study ecology?
• A. the interactions of organisms with their
environment
• B. the interactions of organisms with weather and
climate
• C. the interactions of organisms to reproduce and
produce offspring
• D. the interactions of organisms with one
another and the environment
• Which of the following best describes what
scientists consider when they study ecology?
• A. the interactions of organisms with their
environment
• B. the interactions of organisms with weather and
climate
• C. the interactions of organisms to reproduce and
produce offspring
• D. the interactions of organisms with one
another and the environment
• Which of the following determines where a
population can live?
– A. whether its needs are met by the biotic factors
in the habitat
– B. whether its needs are met by the abiotic
factors in the habitat
– C. whether its needs are met by the abiotic and
biotic factors in the habitat
– D. whether its needs are met by the other
populations of organisms in the habitat
• Which of the following determines where a
population can live?
– A. whether its needs are met by the biotic factors
in the habitat
– B. whether its needs are met by the abiotic
factors in the habitat
– C. whether its needs are met by the abiotic and
biotic factors in the habitat
– D. whether its needs are met by the other
populations of organisms in the habitat
• Which of the following is a biotic factor in an
ecosystem?
• A. wind
• B. tree leaves
• C. small rocks
• D. light from the sun
• Which of the following is a biotic factor in an
ecosystem?
• A. wind
• B. tree leaves
• C. small rocks
• D. light from the sun
• Which of these statements describes a species?
• A. A species is a group of organisms that are
closely related.
• B. A species is a group of organisms that live in
the same habitat.
• C. A species is a group of organisms that live in
an area and interact.
• D. A species is a group of organisms that are
closely related and produce fertile offspring
• Which of these statements describes a species?
• A. A species is a group of organisms that are
closely related.
• B. A species is a group of organisms that live in
the same habitat.
• C. A species is a group of organisms that live in
an area and interact.
• D. A species is a group of organisms that are
closely related and produce fertile offspring
Which of the following consumers is a
herbivore?
• A. cat
• B. horse
• C. human
• D. vulture
Which of the following consumers is a
herbivore?
• A. cat
• B. horse
• C. human
• D. vulture
• A student is identifying food chains in an
ecosystem. Which of the following organisms
might be a tertiary consumer?
• A. frog
• B. redwood tree
• C. great white shark
• D.athlete’s foot fungus
• A student is identifying food chains in an
ecosystem. Which of the following organisms
might be a tertiary consumer?
• A. frog
• B. redwood tree
• C. great white shark
• D.athlete’s foot fungus
• Two types of global food webs show the feeding
relationships of organisms. What distinguishes
one type of global web from the other?
• A. whether the producers are located on land or
in water
• B. whether or not the food web includes tertiary
consumers
• C. whether the web includes animals that migrate
during the year
• D. whether the ecosystem described by the web
is localized or very broad
• Two types of global food webs show the feeding
relationships of organisms. What distinguishes
one type of global web from the other?
• A. whether the producers are located on land or
in water
• B. whether or not the food web includes tertiary
consumers
• C. whether the web includes animals that migrate
during the year
• D. whether the ecosystem described by the web
is localized or very broad
• All organisms must obtain energy from their
environment. Every organism needs this energy in
order to grow and reproduce. How do producers obtain
energy?
• A. They obtain energy by eating plants, bacteria, and
algae.
• B. They extract chemical energy from decaying organic
matter.
• C. They extract energy from the chemicals in soil, air,
and water.
• D. They capture energy from sunlight and manufacture
their own food.
• All organisms must obtain energy from their
environment. Every organism needs this energy in
order to grow and reproduce. How do producers obtain
energy?
• A. They obtain energy by eating plants, bacteria, and
algae.
• B. They extract chemical energy from decaying organic
matter.
• C. They extract energy from the chemicals in soil, air,
and water.
• D. They capture energy from sunlight and
manufacture their own food.
• Which of the following is an example of a
biotic limiting factor in an ecosystem?
• A. New predators move into the ecosystem.
• B. A drought occurs for several months.
• C. A hurricane passes through an ecosystem.
• D. Living space is lost due to human activities.
• Which of the following is an example of a
biotic limiting factor in an ecosystem?
• A. New predators move into the ecosystem.
• B. A drought occurs for several months.
• C. A hurricane passes through an ecosystem.
• D. Living space is lost due to human activities.
• Which of the following events would lead to
an increase in the size of a population of
squirrels?
– A. More squirrels are born than die.
– B. Some squirrels emigrate in search of food.
– C. New predators are added to the ecosystem.
– D. A large number of squirrels die because of a
forest fire.
• Which of the following events would lead to
an increase in the size of a population of
squirrels?
– A. More squirrels are born than die.
– B. Some squirrels emigrate in search of food.
– C. New predators are added to the ecosystem.
– D. A large number of squirrels die because of a
forest fire.
• Which statement provides an example of how
social hierarchy might influence a population?
• A. Soldier termites defend the colony from
predators.
• B. Prairie dogs uses a high-pitched bark to
communicate.
• C. Mistletoe sends roots into tree branches to
take in nutrients.
• D. Poison tree frogs have bright colors signifying
that they are toxic.
• Which statement provides an example of how
social hierarchy might influence a population?
• A. Soldier termites defend the colony from
predators.
• B. Prairie dogs uses a high-pitched bark to
communicate.
• C. Mistletoe sends roots into tree branches to
take in nutrients.
• D. Poison tree frogs have bright colors signifying
that they are toxic.
• A scientist observes a population crash among
eagles within an island ecosystem. Which event
might have led to such a crash?
• A. Travelers brought new crops to the island.
• B. A drop in sea level exposed more of the island.
• C. The closing of a dam caused the island to
flood.
• D. Warm weather conditions resulted in an
abundance of food.
• A scientist observes a population crash among
eagles within an island ecosystem. Which event
might have led to such a crash?
• A. Travelers brought new crops to the island.
• B. A drop in sea level exposed more of the island.
• C. The closing of a dam caused the island to
flood.
• D. Warm weather conditions resulted in an
abundance of food.
• Which of the following is an example of a
biotic limiting factor for a population?
• A. water availability
• B. climate
• C. Disease
• D. Natural disasters
• Which of the following is an example of a
biotic limiting factor for a population?
• A. water availability
• B. climate
• C. Disease
• D. Natural disasters
• Grizzly bears are classified in the order
Carnivora. Their diet consists of roots, tubers,
berries, nuts, fungus, insects, rodents, and
fish. What ecological role best describes
grizzly bears?
• A. carnivores
• B. omnivores
• C. herbivores
• D. producers
• Grizzly bears are classified in the order
Carnivora. Their diet consists of roots, tubers,
berries, nuts, fungus, insects, rodents, and
fish. What ecological role best describes
grizzly bears?
• A. carnivores
• B. omnivores
• C. herbivores
• D. producers
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During the 1930s, a large region of the Great Plains experienced a
drought that turned grasslands into dust. How did this change most
likely affect populations of insects living among the grasslands?
A. They adapted to eat dust instead of grass.
B. They decreased because the resources they needed were not
available.
C. They increased because other populations were eliminated
from the environment.
D.They were not affected because the size of a population cannot
change over time.
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During the 1930s, a large region of the Great Plains experienced a
drought that turned grasslands into dust. How did this change most
likely affect populations of insects living among the grasslands?
A. They adapted to eat dust instead of grass.
B. They decreased because the resources they needed were not
available.
C. They increased because other populations were eliminated
from the environment.
D.They were not affected because the size of a population cannot
change over time.
• Some consumers, such as many flying insects, need large amounts
of energy to grow and move from one place to another. How do
consumers get energy to function?
• A. Consumers obtain all of their energy by eating other organisms.
• B. Consumers obtain some energy from other organisms and some
from sunlight.
• C. Consumers obtain most of their energy by absorbing it from
their environments.
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D.Consumers convert light energy from the sun into chemical
• Some consumers, such as many flying insects, need large amounts
of energy to grow and move from one place to another. How do
consumers get energy to function?
• A. Consumers obtain all of their energy by eating other
organisms.
• B. Consumers obtain some energy from other organisms and some
from sunlight.
• C. Consumers obtain most of their energy by absorbing it from
their environments.
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D.Consumers convert light energy from the sun into chemical
• How is an organism’s niche different from its habitat?
• A. Its niche is the organism’s role within the habitat.
• B. Its niche is the climate that exists within the
habitat.
• C. Its niche is the place where an organism lives within
a habitat.
• D. Its niche is the size of the population to which the
organism belongs.
• How is an organism’s niche different from its habitat?
• A. Its niche is the organism’s role within the habitat.
• B. Its niche is the climate that exists within the
habitat.
• C. Its niche is the place where an organism lives within
a habitat.
• D. Its niche is the size of the population to which the
organism belongs.
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship
between ecosystems and biomes?
– A. A biome may contain many ecosystems, and ecosystems within the
same biome are typically home to similar species of organisms.
– B. An ecosystem may contain many biomes, and biomes within the
same ecosystem are typically home to similar species of organisms.
– C. Both biomes and ecosystems are characterized by their climate
conditions and the communities that live in them; however, biomes
refer to land environments and ecosystems refer to aquatic
environments.
– D. Both biomes and ecosystems are characterized by their climate
conditions and the communities that live in them; however,
ecosystems refer to land environments and biomes refer to aquatic
environments.
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship
between ecosystems and biomes?
– A. A biome may contain many ecosystems, and ecosystems within
the same biome are typically home to similar species of organisms.
– B. An ecosystem may contain many biomes, and biomes within the
same ecosystem are typically home to similar species of organisms.
– C. Both biomes and ecosystems are characterized by their climate
conditions and the communities that live in them; however, biomes
refer to land environments and ecosystems refer to aquatic
environments.
– D. Both biomes and ecosystems are characterized by their climate
conditions and the communities that live in them; however,
ecosystems refer to land environments and biomes refer to aquatic
environments.
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Carnivores and herbivores are both consumers. Which statement
best describes how they differ from one another?
A. Carnivores produce all the energy they need.
B. Carnivores eat only animals whereas herbivores eat only plants.
C. Carnivores eat living organisms whereas herbivores eat
organisms that have died.
D.Carnivores obtain energy by eating food whereas herbivores
obtain energy from sunlight.
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Carnivores and herbivores are both consumers. Which statement
best describes how they differ from one another?
A. Carnivores produce all the energy they need.
B. Carnivores eat only animals whereas herbivores eat only plants.
C. Carnivores eat living organisms whereas herbivores eat
organisms that have died.
D.Carnivores obtain energy by eating food whereas herbivores
obtain energy from sunlight.
• Which statement about the deep ocean zone
is true?
• A. Plankton dominate this zone of the ocean.
• B. Coral reefs are commonly found in this
zone.
• C. Organisms in this zone must be able to
survive major changes in salinity.
• D. Some organisms in this zone use chemicals
for energy rather than sunlight.
• Which statement about the deep ocean zone
is true?
• A. Plankton dominate this zone of the ocean.
• B. Coral reefs are commonly found in this
zone.
• C. Organisms in this zone must be able to
survive major changes in salinity.
• D. Some organisms in this zone use chemicals
for energy rather than sunlight.
• Which example represents an abiotic factor in
an aquatic ecosystem?
– A. Water lilies float on top of a pond.
– B. A population of bass is living in a lake.
– C. The pH of a lake is decreased by acid rain.
– D. Dragonflies feed on small insects near a pond.
• Which example represents an abiotic factor in
an aquatic ecosystem?
– A. Water lilies float on top of a pond.
– B. A population of bass is living in a lake.
– C. The pH of a lake is decreased by acid rain.
– D. Dragonflies feed on small insects near a pond.
• How do rivers and streams differ from lakes
and ponds?
– A. Rivers and streams are made up of salt water
instead of fresh water.
– B. Unlike the water in lakes and ponds, the water
in rivers and streams flows.
– C. Fish can live in rivers and streams, whereas
plants grow in lakes and ponds.
– D. Lakes and ponds form only after heavy rains,
whereas rivers and streams always exist.
• How do rivers and streams differ from lakes
and ponds?
– A. Rivers and streams are made up of salt water
instead of fresh water.
– B. Unlike the water in lakes and ponds, the
water in rivers and streams flows.
– C. Fish can live in rivers and streams, whereas
plants grow in lakes and ponds.
– D. Lakes and ponds form only after heavy rains,
whereas rivers and streams always exist.
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Which ocean zone is at the deepest location?
A. neritic zone
B. bathyal zone
C. abyssal zone
D. intertidal zone
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Which ocean zone is at the deepest location?
A. neritic zone
B. bathyal zone
C. abyssal zone
D. intertidal zone
• Within each biome, how can the environment
be organized into levels form complex to
simple?
• Within each biome, how can the environment
be organized into levels form complex to
simple?
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Ecosystems, community, population,
organism
• How would a food web be affected if a species
disappeared from an ecosystem?
•
• How would a food web be affected if a species
disappeared from an ecosystem?
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The organisms that fed on that species
would have to find new sources of energy.
• What types of organisms typically make up the
base, middle, and top of a food web?
• Base:
• Middle:
• Top:
• What types of organisms typically make up the
base, middle, and top of a food web?
Base: Producers
Middle: Primary and/or secondary
Top: Tertiary
• How do limiting factors affect the carrying
capacity of an environment?
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• How do limiting factors affect the carrying
capacity of an environment?
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Increases the carrying capacity for the
population.
Salt water is denser than fresh water. What
ecosystems would be most affected by this
fact? Explain your answer.
Salt water is denser than fresh water. What
ecosystems would be most affected by this
fact? Explain your answer.
Estuary would be most affected because it is a
mixture of salt and fresh water. Organisms
would have to cope with water layers that have
different salt concentrations.