Download The Crusades

Chapter 14
Section 1
 Crusades
 Holy Land
 Pope Urban II
 Saladin
 Richard the Lion Hearted
 Crusades- series of
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religious wars
Holy Land- Jerusalem
and the land around it
Jews their temple was
there
Christians- it was the
birth place of Jesus
Christ would only return
if Christians controlled
Jerusalem
 1000’s Muslims control
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the Holy Land (Fatimids)
Turkish Muslims
conquests in Europe
Stories of persecuting
Christians
Turks attacked Byzantine
Empire
1071 Turks destroy most
of Byzantine army
 Emperor of
Constantinople requests
help with Turks
 Pope Urban calls church
leaders together at
Claremont France
 Called for Christian
knights and nobles to
come together to fight
the Turks
 Slogan “God wills it”
 1096 two groups
 First group made up of
peasants
 Unskilled warriors did
not do well
 Some crusaders attacked
non Christians
 Slaughtered entire
Jewish communities
 Peasant quickly beaten at
Jerusalem by the Turks
 Second group was
knights
 Unprepared for
hardship
 Lack of food and water
 Some knights looted
towns
 Took 3 years to reach
Jerusalem
 Laid siege to many cities
 Siege of Jerusalem
victory for Crusaders
 Disaster for city’s
inhabitants
 Crusaders created four
states
 Christian strongholds
 Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli,
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Jerusalem
1144 Turks capture
Edessa
European leaders call for
second crusade
King Louis VII and
Eleanor Aquitaine were
crusaders
Took no lands forced to
return empty handed
 30 years after the second
 Saladin-overthrew the
Fatimids and controlled
the Muslims took the
title of Sultan
 Saladin wanted to take
back Crusader states
 Drove Christians out of
Jerusalem
 Richard the Lion
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Hearted of England
fought in the Holy War
Salidin and Richard
respected each other
Saladin offered a doctor
when Richard was sick
Proposals of peace
Richard sister to marry
Salidin’s brother
 Richard won several
battles against the
Muslims
 Could not take the Holy
Land
 Battle was a draw
 1202 Fourth Crusade
 Could not afford for
Venetians to take them
to Holy Land
 Attacked Zara instead
 Pope excommunicated
all the Crusaders
 Attacked Constantinople
 Sacked the city and
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named one of its leaders
emperor
Fourth Crusade fails
Five more Crusades
follow
All unsuccessful
1291 Muslims drive the
Christians out of the
Holy Land
 Economic changes
 Enhanced existing trade
 Kings had more power
 Social changes
 Spices, textiles, and
 Brought knowledge of
good brought to Europe
 Changed economy of
the middle Ages
Muslim culture back
 Respect for other
cultures
 Non—Christians viewed
as enemies
 Persecution of Jews all
over Europe
 Political changes
 Death of knight and
nobles
 Kings took control of
their lands