Download Section 3: Crusades

A.
B.
C.
European Christians had made journeys to
Jerusalem and the Holy land since 200 AD.
(Holy land-places of Bible –Israel, Palestine,
and Jordan)
1000 AD-Seljuk Turks ( Muslims) took over
Jerusalem. First, they attacked Christian
pilgrims and then they refused to let them
come at all
Seljuk Turks were also conquering parts of
the Byzantine Empire. Emperor of
Constantinople asked Europeans for help
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pope wanted to regain Holy Land so it would
be under Christian control (God wills it)
Desire for Christians to be able to visit the
Holy Land
Pope wanted Christians to unite against a
common enemy and stop fighting each other
Gain power for Church and himself
Control of trade routes
A.
B.
C.
D.
Over 200 years, the Church launched a
series of 8 military campaigns called
Crusades to regain the Holy Land
November 1095-Pope Urban II called for a
war to regain control of the Holy Land
Success would be in the hands of the lords
and their knights. 1000’s of men would join
the battle
Many serfs also joined to fight because:
1. promised immediate salvation if they
died while fighting, 2. no rent for families
back home, and 3. adventure
1.
2.
The People’s Crusade-led by Peter the
Hermit, commoners traveled to
Constantinople to attack the Turks-failed
1St Crusade-Europeans sent by the Pope
joined with what was left of Peter’s army and
captured the Holy Land in 1099. They set up
four Christian kingdoms & many soldiers
went home. Kingdoms were often attacked
by the Turks which forced another Crusade
3. 2nd Crusade-did not have much success in
regaining the Holy Land. Muslims were led by
Saladin, who took back Jerusalem (1149) and
wouldn’t return to Christians.
4. 3rd Crusade-Crusade of Kings-Led by King
Richard of England. He was successful in getting
Saladin to sign a treaty allowing Christians to
visit Jerusalem.
5. 4th Crusade-reason for fighting was to get war
debt paid not to regain Holy Land. Crusaders
even looted Constantinople themselves
6. 5th -8th Crusades-Never able to regain solid
control of the Holy Land (children even went on
Crusade themselves)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Christians lost control of the Holy Land
Revival of trade
Encouraged the use of money
New ideas and Technology
Revival of literature
Learned skill to make better ships/improved
maps
Treatment of Jews and Muslims would have a
long term effect