Download The Crusades: Causes and Effects

The Crusades: Causes and Effects
Causes:
-Turks (Muslims) take control of Holy Land in 1071.
-Turks threaten the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople.
-Byz. Emperor (Orthodox Church) asks for help from Pope Urban II (Roman
Catholic Church)
First Crusade
Second Crusade
-1096-1099
-Pope Urban II calls crusade.
-Turks disorganized.
-Fatimid Muslims offer to
share Jerusalem. They are
slaughtered by the Crusaders
as crusaders turn crusade into
holy war against ALL Muslims.
-Christians win by capturing
Jerusalem. Muslims become
unified against Christians
-1147-1149
-Pope Eugenius III
-The city of Edessa is captured
and Western Christians are
slaughtered.
-led by King Louis VII and the
H.R.E. Conrad II. They bypass
Edessa and head to Damascus.
-Muslims become more
unified when Christians attack
Damascus.
-Christians end up leaving the
Holy Land unsuccessfully.
Third Crusade
Forth Crusade
-1189-1192
-Called by Pope Gregory VIII
-Goal: To take back the city of
Jerusalem after it had fallen to
Saladin and his Muslim armies.
-German king (Barbarosa) dies and his
soldiers return home.
-French King (Philip) eventually return
home also.
-King Richard I conquers city of Acre.
Called the Lionheart because of his
bravery.
-K.R.1 and Saladin become respectful
enemies.
-Muslims win. Truce allows Christian
pilgrims to travel to Jerusalem.
-1202-1204
-Called by Pope Innocent III
-Goal: Take back Jerusalem and
Holy Land.
-Crusaders never make it to H.L.
-Crusaders went to Constantinople
sent by pope) to restore the
throne to correct emperor.
-Crusaders overran the city, killed
Christians and burned down
libraries containing Greek texts.
They also removed all gold, jewels,
and holy relics from the church.
-Unsuccessful for Crusaders
Effects:
--Increased trade with Asia
– Kings become more powerful
--Towns destroyed – Feudalism decreases –
-- Respect for Crusaders is lost -- Tensions between, Christians, Jews, and Muslims increase.