Download The Crusades

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Crusades- A series of “Holy Wars” that were
undertaken to recapture the Holy Land.
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How did it begin?
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Began in 1093 when the
Byzantine Emperor
wrote a letter read by
Pope Urban II
The Pope then called for
a “Holy War” against
the Muslim Turks
How long did it last?
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Over 200 Years
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Who fought the
Crusades?
Knights
 Younger sons who would
not inherit property
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What were Crusaders
promised?
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If they died on the
Crusade they were
assured a place in heaven
What was their attire?
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Tunics with red crosses
on their chest
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First Crusade
Goal: To take back the
Holy Land and
Jerusalem
 1096-1099
 Result: Captured
Jerusalem on July 15
1099 and a 650 mile
stretch of land from
Edessa (north) to
Jerusalem (south)
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Second Crusade
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Goal: Retake Edessa
1145-1187
Edessa was
recaptured by the
Muslim Turks in 1144
 Result: Crusaders were
defeated and shocked
to find that Jerusalem
had fallen to the
Muslim leader Saladin
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Third Crusade
Goal: Recapture
Jerusalem
 1189-1192
 Leader of Crusaders:
King Richard The Lion
Hearted of England
 Result: King Richard
was unable to recapture
Jerusalem but he and
Saladin agree to a truce

 Muslims keep Jerusalem
but Christians are free to
visit the cities holy places
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Fourth Crusade
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Goal: Retake
Jerusalem
1202-1204
Result: Knights did
not reach Holy Land
and looted
Constantinople
instead
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Spanish Crusade
1100-1492
 Reconquista

 Effort to drive Muslims
out of Spain
 The leaders of Spain
(Ferdinand and Isabella)
instituted a tribunal held
by the Church called The
Inquisition to eliminate
Heresy
 Jewish and Muslim
converts were
questioned & tortured to
see if they held beliefs
different from that of the
Church
Causes of the Crusades
Effect of the Crusades
Muslims controlled Holy Land and
Christians wanted it
Pope’s power declined because of
failure
Muslims Threaten Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor weakened because
of looting of Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor looks to Pope for
help…Pope starts first Crusade
Weakened feudal lords/nobility
Knights come to Pope’s aid (also saw
opportunity to make $ and have
adventure
Kings become stronger
Commercial Power- wanted to win
control of key trade routes
Trade expanded between Europe &
Middle East- Cities grow and become
rich
Technology/knowledge brought back
from Crusades
Muslims distrust Christians because of
Crusaders
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Are there any similarities between the
Crusades and Islamic Jihad??