Download The Crusades

The
Crusades
Causes and Outcomes
Preceding Events
Islam Grows
 Muslim armies take North Africa and Spain
 Battle of Tours-Charles Martel

 Defeats
a Muslim raiding party from Spain
 If the Muslims had won, Western Europe
might have become part of the Muslim
Empire.

Muslims take Jerusalem
Calling for the Crusades

1093-Letter written by
Byzantine Emperor to
Pope Urban II
Asked for help against
Muslim Turks
 Threatened capital,
Constantinople


Call for “Holy War” or
Crusade
Goal

Military Expeditions to recover Jerusalem
and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks
Crusading Spirit

Religious Motives

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Red crosses sewn on
tunics
Battle cry- “God Wills
It!”
Economic Motives
Cash loans to finance
Crusades
 Lease ships

First Crusade

Ill-prepared

Besiege Jerusalem for 1
month

Won a narrow strip of
land-400 miles from
Edessa to Jerusalem

1114- Edessa recaptured
by Muslim Turks
Second Crusade

Organized to
recapture Edessa

Armies left back home
in defeat

Jerusalem falls to
Muslim leader Saladin
Third Crusade

Goal: Recapture Jerusalem

Powerful Monarchs (Philip Augustus,
Frederick I, Richard the Lionhearted)

Richard stands alone

Richard and Saladin agree to truce-1192

Remains under Muslim control

Unarmed Christian pilgrims can freely
visit the city’s holy places
Fourth Crusade
1198-Pope Innocent II appeals
for another Crusade to reclaim
Jerusalem
 Knights become entangled in
Italian and Byzantine politics
 1204-Loot city of Constantinople
 Breach in the Church caused by
Crusaders

Children’s Crusade

1212

Thousands of children set out for the Holy Land

Armed with Belief that God would give them the
Holy Land

Many die from cold and starvation

Remaining drowned at sea or are sold into slavery
Quick Review

Causes






Muslim control Palestine
and threaten
Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor calls for
help
Pope wants to reclaim
Palestine and unite
Christians
Pope appeals to Christian
Knights
Knights want land, riches,
and adventure
Italian cities desire
commercial power

Effects

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Byzantine Empire Weakened
Pope’s power declines
Power of feudal nobles
weakens
Kings become stronger
Religious intolerance grows
Italian cities expand trade
and grow rich
Muslims increasingly distrust
Christians
Trade grows between Europe
and the Middle East
European technology
improves as Crusaders learn
from Muslims