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The Crusades
I. Background
A. The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took control of
the Holy Land (Jerusalem) .
B. In 1095,
Pope Urban
II organized
a crusade (a
holy war to
recapture
Jerusalem).
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REMEMBER?
The Holy Land is
considered holy
to Jews,
Christians and
Muslims.
C. There were
SEVEN
Crusades
fought over 200
years.
D. European kings
united for the
church instead of
fighting each
other.
II. Causes of the Crusades
1. Pope Urban II
believed this
would increase
his power.
2. Christians
believed they
would go to
heaven.
3. Nobles wanted
wealth, land
and adventure!
4. Serfs hoped to
escape feudal
oppression
(hardship).
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The fighting goes on and on …
In the First Crusade, Christians captured Jerusalem
in 1099, massacring Muslim inhabitants.
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And on …
Muslims leaders tried to regain these kingdoms,
which resulted in THREE more Crusades over the
next 200 years!
III. During the Crusades
A. Saladin – the
Muslim General
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During the Second
Crusade in the 1100s,
Saladin retook
Jerusalem.
And on …
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He forbade his
soldiers to kill,
harm, or steal
from the
Crusaders, who
had surrendered
to him.
B. Richard the
Lion-Hearted
– famous King
of England.
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Though he vowed to
retake Jerusalem
in the Third
Crusade (11891192), it never
happened.
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During the Third
Crusade, Saladin
learned that
Richard’s horse
was killed.
He sent him
another horse,
declaring that so
gallant a warrior
should not have to
fight on foot!
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Another account tells
that Richard fell ill
and wanted fruit and
drink.
Saladin sent him
pears, peaches, and
his personal doctor!
Saladin repeatedly
remarked that if he
must lose Jerusalem,
he’d rather lose it to
Richard than to any
other man alive.
WRITE!
C. These two leaders greatly respected one
another.
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And on …
The Fourth Crusade was supposed to regain
Jerusalem, but the crusading knights ended up
looting Constantinople.
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Muslims overran the crusader states by 1291. This time, the
Muslims massacred the Christian inhabitants after their
victory.
And on …
IV. Impact/ Effects/ Results/
Outcomes of the Crusades
1. A legacy of
religious hatred &
intolerance
between
Christians,
Muslims and
Jews.
2. Education Increased in Europe
•
Europeans gained a
wider view of the
world.
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•Europeans were exposed to
Muslim math, science,
literature and art.
•Rediscovery of Greek and
Roman writings (Muslims
preserved them too!)
3. Increased trade
 As demand for good grew, Italian city
states (Venice & Florence) grew
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spices, sugar, lemons, rugs, coffee, perfumes,
silk, cotton, raisins and glass.
4. A money economy grew
 Peasants paid rent in $$, not labor
 Taxes financed Crusades
5. Increased power of
European kings
 Kings won the right
to tax people.
 The power of the
feudal nobility
declined.