Download the crusades - Cobb Learning

Warm Up
• Who was Charlemagne and why was it a
big deal the pope crowned him emperor
• Define simony
• Define Excommunication
• What is the process of lay investiture
• What are the Crusades and who were they
fought against
THE CRUSADES
chpt 14
CATALYST FOR CHANGE
Chivalry
• Knights were expected to display
courage in battle and loyalty to their lord.
• the code of chivalry, a complex set of
ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely
in defense of three masters; his feudal lord,
his heavenly lord, and his chosen lady.
• The ideal knight was loyal, brave, and
courteous.
Those Dang Crusades
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Crusades = Holy Wars
Fought against the Muslim Turks
Numerous fought for over 300 yrs
What reason’s would a knight have for
joining the crusades
Goals of the Crusades
• Gain Control over Holy Land (Jerusalem)
• They also wanted control
over key trade routes with
Asia
Causes of the Crusades
• Muslims threatened to invade Constantinople
• Kings and the Church saw crusades as a way
to get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought
each other
• They also wanted to win control over key
trade routes to India, Southeast Asia, and
China
13 different attempts!!
1096- 1291
1st Crusade: The only successful
attempt (1099)
•Led by French and Norman
nobles
•Captured Antioch and Jerusalem
• the Crusaders had won a narrow
strip of land. It stretched about
650 miles from Edessa in the
north to Jerusalem in the south.
•Christians win!
The second Crusade
A Failure for the Christians
• They lost the city to the Muslims
• The Second Crusade was organized to
recapture the city. But its armies straggled
home in defeat.
The Third Crusade
1189- 1192
• Leaders: Richard the Lion Hearted of
England, Phillip Augustus of France,
Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman
Empire
• Opposed by Saladin
• Ended in a Truce
• 300,000 dead!
Saladin decided that neither Frankish Christians, nor the ones of
oriental heritage should be pursued. Saladin placed guards
around the church of the Holy grave as well as other holy places
belonging to the non-Muslims, to avoid them being destroyed.
Saladin encouraged the Franks to stay, and invited Jewish
families to move back in to Jerusalem. Saladin’s tax collectors
were shocked by the fact that their leader allowed Franks, and
others who wanted to leave Jerusalem, to depart without
returning goods they had stolen. Firstly, Saladin said, it will be
difficult to prove what is actually plundered, and secondly; he had
not taken the city to enrich himself on material wealth.
Saladin let al-Aqsa, which was previously turned into a
church, once again become a mosque after having the walls
sprinkled with rose-water. Then Saladin let the slaves free
without them having to pay, further on he pro-claimed that he
would not take a ransom for the richest. Some of his trusted men
objected loudly. Saladin answered them: “Christians throughout
the world will remember the good deeds we have done for them."
The later Crusades included the
Children’s Crusade in 1212
Results of the Crusades
1. Military results:
Europeans learned to use:
the crossbow, carrier pigeons, siege techniques,
catapults, gunpowder, compass and improved
the quality of their ships
2. Political results: strengthened the
central power of the kings and weakened
the power of the nobles and Pope
• WEAKENED
FEUDALISM
3. Economic results
• Strengthened trade
• encouraged the growth of cities (Italian
cities led the way, especially Venice and
Genoa)
4. Broadened learning and the
world outlook of Europe
• Knowledge of Muslim
medicine
• Knowledge of Muslim
science and
technologies
• Reintroduced to
Classical learning
• Desire for products of
trade increased need to
know the world