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The Crusades
Background to the Crusades
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Islam and the Seljuk Turks
Change and disintegration in the Muslim world
Seljuk Turks
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Nomadic people from Central Asia
Capture of Baghdad (1055)
Battle of Manzikert (1071)
The Byzantine Empire
Divisions between the Catholic and Orthodox Church
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Schism (1054)
Alexius I Comnenus (1081 – 1118)
The Early Crusades
Pope Urban II (1088 – 1099)
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Council of Clermont (1095)
Crusading Fervor
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“Armed pilgrimages”
First Crusade (1096 – 1099)
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Captures Antioch (1098)
Captures Jerusalem (1099)
Why people went
Regain Jerusalem (the Holy Land) from
the hands of the Muslims.
Fight for the your god, go on the ultimate
pilgrimage
Kill, rape, steal, pillage, and go to heaven?
Adventure, a chance to start over, all your
sins are forgiven
Get rich through trading
Map 10.7: The Early Crusades
First Crusade
The Early Crusades, Continued
Eruopean Crusader States after the First Crusades
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Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem
Muslims strike back
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Fall of Edessa (1144)
Second Crusade
Total failure
Saladin (Muslim Leader) regain control of the Holy Land (1187)
Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)
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Reaction to the fall of Jerusalem
Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard the
Lionhearted of England and Philip Augustus of France
Ended in a draw, Saladin allows Christian Pilgrimage
Richard the Lionhearted Executing
Muslims at Acre
Crusades of the 13th Century
The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century
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Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204)
Sack of Constantinople
Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204 – 1261)
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Children’s Crusade (1212)
Sixth Crusade (1228)
Effects of the Crusades
Effects of the Crusades
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Little impact on the Muslim world
Impact on European society
Deaths of many on both sides
Cultural interaction, exchanges of ideas and technology
Many young warriors went off to see the world, weakening its
feudal system.
Italian cities benefited economically. Uses wealth to support
the arts and ushered in the Renaissance.
Growing rift between the Catholic and the Orthodox churches
CRUSADES