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COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the basic unit of all living organisms. Prokaryotic Cells (Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus) cells without membrane- bound structures No real nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm Examples: bacteria Eukaryotic Cells (Eu= real karyotic = nucleus) cells with membrane- bound structures Has a real nucleus EX: animals, plants, fungi Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells (Pro = Before Eu= real Karyotic = nucleus) Eukaryotes are larger 3 types of Eukaryotes Animals Plants Fungi Plant Cells and Animal Cells Plant Cells and Fungi Cells Comparing Cells Size Cell Wall Nucleus Chloroplasts Vacuole Bacteria Small Made of Peptidoglycan N0 No Some bacteria have a large vacuole Fungi Big Made of Chitin Yes No Yes Plant Big Made of Cellulose Yes Yes Large Animal Big No Yes No Small or absent COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. Specialised Cells You are expected to be able to recognise the following specialised cells Root hair cells – absorption Xylem vessels – conduction (transport) and support Palisade Mesophyll – Photosynthesis Ciliated cells – in respiratory tract Muscle cells – contraction Red blood cells – transport Nerve Cells – Conduction of impulses Sperm & Egg cells - Reproduction Root hair cell Absorbs minerals and water from the soil Large Surface area Xylem Cells Transports water and minerals from roots to rest of plant Dead cells: cell walls form a tube Palisade Mesophyll Cells Boxy shape to pack as many cells as possible at the top of the leaf Ciliated Cells Found in the Airways Cilia move out mucus Muscle cells Long Cells Function is to contract Many cells form a regular pattern 3 types (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) Red Blood Cells Transports oxygen Large surface area No Nucleus Nerve Cells Long Axon to transport electrical signals Sperm Cells Sperm cells have a tail (flagellum) for swimming Egg Cells Egg Cells are large because they contain food for the developing embryo White Blood Cells White Blood Cell destroys germs Brain Cells Brain Cells control Cell structures You are expected to be able to recognise the following parts of a cell Cell surface membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole (Mitochondria) Cell Wall (plant cells only) Chloroplast (plant cells only Other structures are Animal Cells Cell (Surface) Membrane Outer covering, protective layer Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell allows waste products out of the cell. Cytoplasm Jelly-like, inside cell membrane constantly flows Organelles The Cytoplasm contains several specialized structures They are called organelles Nucleus Controls all cell activities Contains DNA Usually the largest organelle It is the ‘brain’ of the cell Mitochondria Organelles where Respiration happens They are the ‘Power Plant’ of the cell Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria 1 Mitochondrion – 2 Mitochondria VACUOLES Used for Food Storage Animal cells can have more than 1 small vacuole Plant Cells have 1 big vacuole PLANT CELLS Plant Cells have all organelles animal cells have And a few that are only found in plant cells CELL WALL Protects the plant cell Gives shape Made of Cellulose CHLOROPLASTS Green make food by Photosynthesis found only in plant cells CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that for Photosynthesis to produce Glucose Animal Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Plant Cell 1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 3- Mitochondria 4- Ribosomes 5- Chloroplasts 6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane NAME THE ORGANELLE a. Nucleus c. Golgi body b. Chloroplast d. Mitochondria FROM CELL TO ORGANISM Cell The basic unit of life Tissue Group of cells working together Organ Group of tissues working together Organ System Group of organs working together Organism Any living thing made of 1 or more cells