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Download Chapter 5 Outline Notes-Viruses and Monerans
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Chapter 5 Viruses and Monerans I. Viruses A. What is a virus 1. Tiny particle 2. Invades living cells 3. Cannot perform all functions of living cell 4. Cannot reproduce without help B. Structure of viruses 1. Two basic parts a. Core of hereditary material 1) DNA 2) RNA b. An outer coat of protein 1) Encloses virus 2) Protects virus 2. Electron microscope a. Allowed scientists to see virus b. Allowed scientists to study size and shape C. Reproduction of viruses 1. Virus attaches to cell 2. Injects hereditary material into living cell 3. Hereditary material takes control of cell’s activities 4. Cell begins to produce new viruses 5. Cell eventually bursts releasing new viruses 6. New viruses attack other cells D. Viruses and humans 1. Cause a large number of human diseases a. Minor illnesses b. Major illnesses 2. Used to stimulate production of antibodies 3. Used to wage germ warfare II. Monerans (Bacteria) A. Living organisms 1. Consist of single cell 2. Most numerous organisms on earth 3. Classified into 3 basic groups a. Cocci - resemble spheres b. Bacilli - resemble rods c. Spirilla - resemble spirals 4. Simplest organisms B. Structure of bacteria 1. Have cell membrane inside cell wall 2. Hereditary material spread throughout cytoplasm 3. Many bacteria unable to move on their own a. Carried by air currents b. Carried by water currents c. Carried by clothing d. Carried by other objects 4. Flagella a. Long, thin, whip-like structure b. Propels bacterium C. Life functions of bacteria 1. Most bacteria are heterotrophs a. Parasites b. Decomposers 2. Some bacteria are autotrophs 3. Endospores a. Spherical structure b. Thick outer coat c. Forms when conditions become unfavorable D. Bacteria in nature 1. Essential part of food and energy relationships on earth 2. Some produce oxygen 3. Help to change environments to make them suitable for other organisms 4. Some form symbiotic relationships E. Bacteria and humans 1. Used to make foods 2. Used to break down garbage 3. Used to decompose substances 4. Used to make antibiotics 5. Used in industry
