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Within a species, there is usually a great deal of variation among individuals. Human Variation There are variations in skin color, hair color, hair curliness, eye color, blood type, height, etc. Inherited Variation Results from differences in DNA, genes Genetic Variations cannot be changed* *mutations ex: hair color, eye color, blood type, hair on middigits Inherited Variation Passed on to offspring Sources of Genetic Variation Gene Shuffling Mutations Sexual reproduction; different combinations/ expressions of genes Errors in DNA copying, environmental damage Acquired Variation Results from individual activities, environments Is not passed on to offspring ex. body figure, certain skills, tattoos, piercings North side, upper branches South side, upper branches Apples collected from different positions on the same tree. The differences between apples are acquired during the growing season. North side, lower branches South side, lower branches Difference will not be inherited. Most differences in a species are the result of inherited and acquired variations. low variance Cheetahs Manatees high variance Leopards Cuttlefish If a major disease swept through both populations, which species would have higher rates of survival? SWEATY SHIRT EXPERIMENT Clause Wedekind 1998 Bern University in Switzerland 49 men wore the same shirt for 2 days 44 women were asked to rank the shirts in order of smell preference the scientists measured the MHC genes (genes related to smell) of each male and each female the results found that women preferred shirt smells from males who had the most different MHC genes from their own Women preferred males whose paired offspring would have the greatest genetic variation