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Ms. Giordano
Oceanography
CHAPTER 3 AND 4 TEST
Multiple Choice. Choose the one best answer from the choices provided. Place your
answer on the scantron sheet.
1.
Fossils found in sediments can be used to:
a.
indicate the relative age of the sediments.
b.
provide evidence for plate movement.
c.
suggest ancient climate characteristics.
d.
support the idea that land masses were joined.
e.
all of the above.
2.
Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the:
a.
entire Earth had polar conditions at the time the plants were living.
b.
plants lived near the poles, but have drifted to current locations.
c.
plants probably were tolerant of both tropical and polar conditions.
d.
plants were distributed to current locations by ancient glacial ice sheets.
e.
poles were at the equator at times in the geologic past.
3.
Continental drift was confirmed through the use of the:
a.
age of rocks on distant continents.
b.
location of ancient coral reefs.
c.
location of deep sea trenches.
d.
location of magnetic poles through geologic time.
e.
shape of the continental margins.
4.
Vine and Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by
examining:
a.
apparent polar wandering.
b.
fossils in marine sediments.
c.
glacial debris at various locations.
d.
the location of ancient coral reefs.
e.
the magnetic pattern on the seafloor.
5.
Confirmation of seafloor spreading was supported by the:
a.
age of seafloor.
b.
apparent polar wandering.
c.
magnetic reversals found in continental rocks.
d.
match of rocks from distant continents.
e.
sediment analysis from different areas of the seafloor.
6.
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as:
a.
not related to the location of oceanic ridges.
b.
parallel to and symmetric about ocean ridges.
c.
parallel to, but not symmetric about ocean ridges.
d.
perpendicular to and symmetric about ocean ridges.
e.
perpendicular to, but not symmetric about ocean ridges.
7.
Continents "float" higher above the mantle than ocean basins because continental crust is:
a.
composed of basalt.
b.
composed of granite.
c.
less dense than oceanic crust and it is thicker.
d.
more dense than oceanic crust and it is thicker.
e.
more dense than oceanic crust and it is thinner.
8.
Moving from oceanic ridge to oceanic trench, the thickness of the lithosphere:
a.
decreases in proportion to the distance.
b.
is unrelated to the distance from the ridge.
c.
increases in proportion to the distance.
d.
randomly varies.
e.
remains the same.
9.
Deep ocean trenches are associated with:
a.
rift valleys.
b. subduction zones. c. submarine canyons.
d.
transform faults. e. turbidity currents.
10.
Which of the following is associated with transform boundaries on the seafloor?
a.
crest of the mid-ocean ridge
b. deep sea trenches
c.
deep focus earthquakes
d. island arcs
e. offset of the mid-ocean ridge
11.
Which of the following is associated with convergent plate boundaries on the seafloor?
a.
crest of the mid-ocean ridge b.
deep sea trenches
c.
deep focus earthquakes
d. island arcs
e. offset of the mid-ocean ridge
12.
One distinction between transform faults and fracture zones is that transform faults are:
a.
aseismic in comparison to fracture zones that are seismically active.
b.
associated with convergent boundaries and fracture zones are not associated with plate
margins.
c.
associated with divergent boundaries and fracture zones are not associated with plate
margins.
d.
located near hot spots and magma plumes.
e.
seismically active while fracture zones are aseismic.
13.
Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries?
a.
andesitic volcanoes
b.
fracture zones
c. hot spots
d.
mid-ocean ridges e. volcanic island arcs
14.
Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries?
a.
andesitic volcanoes
b.
fracture zones
c.
hot spots
d.
mid-ocean ridges e. volcanic island arcs
15.
Passive continental margins are characterized by all of the following except:
a.
broad continental shelf
b. deep-sea trenches. c. shallow coastal waters.
d.
thick sediment accumulation.
e. very little volcanic and earthquake activity.
16.
Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except:
a.
broad continental shelf. b. chains of islands. c. deep-sea trenches.
d.
thin sediment accumulation.
e. volcanic and earthquake activity.
17.
The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is:
a.
abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf.
b.
abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise.
c.
rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf.
d.
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain.
e.
slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain.
18.
With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are:
a.
associated with hydrothermal vents.
b.
located in submarine canyons.
c.
parallel to the direction of plate movement.
d.
parallel to the rift valley.
e.
perpendicular to the ridge axis.
19.
The shelf break marks the boundary between the continental shelf and the:
a.
abyssal plain.
b.
continental rise. c. continental slope.
d.
submarine canyon.
e. submarine fan.
20.
All of the following are considered part of the continental margin except the:
a.
continental rise. b. continental shelf. c. continental slope.
d.
fracture zone.
e. submarine canyon.
21.
Continental rises are formed:
a.
as a result of the slow accumulation of sediments from the water column.
b.
by many deep sea fans.
c.
in association with hydrothermal vents.
d.
next to submarine canyons.
e.
on the flank of a mid-ocean ridge.
22.
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by:
a.
deposition of terrestrial sediment. b.
earthquake activity.
c.
erosion by major rivers in the past. d.
erosion by turbidity currents.
e.
scouring by glaciers during the last ice age.
23.
A sediment-laden current that flows off of the continental slope is called a(n):
a.
abyssal current.
b. deep-sea fan.
c. shelf current.
d.
submarine canyon. e. turbidity current.
24.
The most rapid change in slope in the ocean is found at the:
a.
abyssal plain.
b. continental slope. c.oceanic trench.
d.
submarine canyon. e.volcanic seamount.
25.
The most gradual change in slope in the ocean can be found at the:
a.
abyssal plain.
b. continental rise.
c. continental shelf.
d.
deep ocean trench. e.
mid-ocean ridge.
A volcanic structure on the abyssal plain that is less than one kilometer high is called a(n):
a.
abyssal hill. b.
abyssal volcano. c. guyot.
d.
seamount.
e.
tablemount.
26.
27.
28.
Flat-topped volcanic structures on the abyssal plain are called:
a.
abyssal hills. b.
abyssal volcanoes.
c.
d.
seamounts. e. tablemounts.
Old lithosphere is destroyed in association with:
a.
deep-sea trenches. b. fracture zones. c.
d.
mid-ocean ridges. e. spreading centers.
guyots.
hydrothermal vents.
29.
All of the following are considered part of the deep-ocean basin except:
a.
hydrothermal vents. b.
mid-ocean ridges. c. seamounts.
d.
submarine fans. e. trenches.
30.
New lithosphere is produced in association with:
a.
deep-sea trenches. b.
fracture zones.
c. hydrothermal vents.
d.
mid-ocean ridges. e.
transform faults.
31.
Hot-water hydrothermal vents form:
a.
abyssal hills.
b. black smokers.
d.
turbidity currents. e. white smokers.
32.
c. cold seeps.
Mid-ocean ridges cover about:
a.
10% of the ocean floor. b. 20% of the ocean floor.
d.
50% of the ocean floor. e. 75% of the ocean floor.
c. 30% of the ocean floor.
33.
The crests of mid-ocean ridges:
a.
are covered with sediment. b. are geologically old features. c. contain rift valleys.
d.
have never been directly observed by man.
e. lie at depths in excess of six kilometers.
34.
The direction of motion along a seafloor transform fault is:
a.
associated with turbidity currents.
b.
in the same direction as the plates are spreading.
c.
in the same direction as the ridge offset.
d.
influenced by underwater boundary currents.
e.
perpendicular to the direction of plate movement.
True-False Questions. Read each question carefully, bubble 1 on scantron for True
or #2 for False
35.
Abyssal plains are more extensive on the floor of the Atlantic as compared to those on the floor of
the Pacific
36.
Sediments of the continental rise can exhibit characteristics similar to those formed by rivers on
land
37.
A sediment-laden current that flows off of the continental shelf is called a turbidity current.
38.
The deepest portions of the ocean are part of the relatively narrow features called submarine
canyons.
39.
The largest and deepest ocean is the Pacific Ocean.
40.
Subduction zones appear to remain nearly stationary over long periods of time.
41.
Trenches change their position over time.
42.
Seamounts form from ancient tablemounts.
43.
Mid-ocean ridges are rises that occupy a small portion of the deep ocean basin, only around 10%.
44.
Hydrothermal vents have a significant impact on ocean chemistry.
45.
Due to the very harsh environment, few organisms are found in association with hydrothermal
vents.
46.
The Atlantic Ocean is growing in size at the expense of the Pacific Ocean.
47.
The relatively young age of the seafloor supports the idea that subduction must take place.
48.
The magnetic north pole has remained very close to the geographic North Pole through all of
geologic time.
49.
New crust is formed at trenches and old crust is subducted at ridges.
50.
The oldest rocks are located at mid-ocean ridges.
51.
Earthquakes are common along fracture zones.
52.
Deep focus earthquakes are often associated with deep-sea trenches.
53.
Fast-moving spreading ridges tend to be more gently sloped than slow-moving ridges.
54.
Deep-sea trenches are found at convergent plate boundaries.
55.
Fracture zones extend out from transform faults on the seafloor; both areas experience
earthquakes.
56.
Reading your textbook is critical to surviving in this class
Word Analysis. Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the
relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does
NOT fit the pattern. Bubble in the correct response on your scantron
57.
a. hydrothermal vents b. island arc
58.
a. Aleutian Islands
59.
a. hydrothermal vents b. rift valley
60.
a. Gondwanaland
c. mountains d. oceanic trench
b. Andes Mountains c. Hawaiian Islands
b. Panamerica
c. oceanic ridge
c. Pangea
e. volacanoes
d. Japan e. Mariana Trench
d. oceanic trench
d. Panthalassa
e. spreading center
e. Tethys Sea