Download Title - Iowa State University

Exam Review 4
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Brandon
Biol 212
Dr. Coffman/Manz
4/16/2017
1. Which of the following is a step in the process of PCR?
a. Primers bind to complementary portions of the single-stranded template DNA.
b. The two DNA strands of the double-stranded DNA template separate, forming singlestranded templates.
c. Taq polymerase breaks down the complementary DNA strand from the dNTPs,
starting at the primer.
d. A reaction mixture containing dNTPs, a DNA sample, primers, and Taq polymerase
is created.
e. A and B
f. C and D
g. A, B, and D
h. B, C, and D
2. Which of the following is not a step in dideoxy sequencing?
a. Collecting DNA strands that are produced
b. Reading the output on an automated sequencing machine
c. Incubating the reaction mixture
d. Joining fragments via electrophoresis
e. DNA synthesis
3. Which of the following best describes how genes are identified within bacterial genomes?
a. Genome annotation
b. Open reading frames
c. Expressed sequence tag
d. Bioinformatics
4. It is more difficult to identify genes in prokaryotes because…
a. The coding regions are broken up by introns
b. Randomly generated sequences contain a stop codon every 20 codons
c. Protein-coding genes
d. Expressed sequence tags
e. Open reading frames
f. None of the above
g. All of the above
5. The following image is depicting what kind of reaction?
a. Energetically unfavorable
b. Energetically favorable
c. Spontaneous
d. Non-spontaneous
e. A and C
1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  515-294-6624  [email protected]  http://www.si.iastate.edu
f. A and D
g. B and C
h. B and D
6. The following image is depicting what kind of reaction?
a. Energetically unfavorable
b. Energetically favorable
c. Spontaneous
d. Non-spontaneous
e. A and C
f. A and D
g. B and C
h. B and D
7. How are reaction rates affected by changes in reactant concentration and changes in
temperature?
a. Reactions happen faster with increased reaction concentration and decreased
temperature.
b. Reactions happen faster with decreased reaction concentration and increased
temperature.
c. Reactions happen faster with decreased reaction concentration and decreased
temperature.
d. Reactions happen faster with increased reaction concentration and increased
temperature.
8. Given the following reactions:
X + B → XB + H20 (ΔG = +12.7 kcal/mol)
Z + H20 → Y + B (ΔG = -7.4 kcal/mol)
The following coupled reaction (X + Z → Y + XB) will be…
a. Spontaneous
b. Energetically favorable
c. Non-spontaneous
d. Energetically unfavorable
e. A and B
f. A and D
g. B and C
h. C and D
9. How can enzymes help reactions?
a. Enzymes bring substrate molecules together in a substrate binding site known as the
enzyme’s active site.
b. Enzyme’s lower the activation energy.
c. Enzymes help substrates collide in a precise orientation so that the electrons involved
are in the reaction can interact.
d. Enzyme’s lower the half-life of substrate molecules.
e. A and B
f. A, B, and C
g. B, C, and D
h. All of the above
i. None of the above
10. How does competitive inhibition affect enzyme function?
a. A regulatory molecule binds at a location other than the active site and changes the
shape of the enzyme in a way that makes the active site available to the enzyme’s
natural substrates.
b. Regulatory molecules that are similar in size and shape to the enzyme’s natural
substrate inhibits catalysis by binding to the enzyme’s active site.
c. A regulatory molecule binds at a location other than the active site and changes the
shape of the enzyme in a way that makes the active site unavailable to the enzyme’s
natural substrates.
d. Regulatory molecules breakdown carbon dioxide to be used as a source of energy.
e. A and B
f. C and D
g. A, B, and C
h. B, C, and D
i. All of the above
11. Which of the following best describes the process that occurs during the citric acid cycle?
a. Pyruvate is processed to release one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the remaining
carbons are used to form acetyl CoA.
b. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP is produced
from ADP, and NAD+ is reduced to form NADH.
c. Acetyl CoA is oxidized to two molecules of carbon dioxide, more ATP and NADH is
produced, and FAD is reduced to form FADH2.
d. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 move through the electron transport chain, and
the energy released from this chain of redox reactions is used to create a proton
gradient across a membrane. The flow of protons across this membrane is used to
make ATP.
e. A and B
f. B and C
g. C and D
h. All of the above
12. Label the membrane compartments of the mitochondria
A
B
C
D
E
13. How does an enzyme with both an active site and an inhibitory allosteric site that bind the
same molecule regulate steps in the glycolysis pathway?
14. How does an enzyme with both an active site and an inhibitory allosteric site that bind the
same molecule regulate steps in the glycolysis pathway?
a. When concentrations are low, ATP binds only to the active site; when concentrations
are high, ATP binds to the inhibitory allosteric site.
b. When concentrations are low, ATP binds to the active site and the inhibitory
allosteric site.
c. When concentrations are high, ATP binds only to the active site; when concentrations
are low, ATP binds to the inhibitory allosteric site.
d. When concentrations are high, ATP binds to the active site and the inhibitory
allosteric site.
15. Given the two reactions below:
CO2 + H2O + light energy →→→ (CH2O)n + O2
CO2 + H2S + light energy →→→ (CH2O)n + S
What could we expect the products of the subsequent reactions to look like?
14
CO2 + H218O + light energy →→→
C O2 + H2O + light energy →→→
14 18
16. How do light capturing reactions contribute to the production of sugar?
17. If a specific color can be seen, this means that the wavelength of light responsible for that
color is being what?
a. Visible
b. Absorbed
c. Contained
d. Reflected
18. If we are given a light spectrum that depicts yellow, orange, and red light being reflected,
where would we find the majority of oxygen seeking bacteria on the light spectrum?
19. What is the absorption spectrum?
20. Which of the following best describes the action spectrum?
a. A measurement of how the wavelength of photons influences the amount of light
absorbed by a pigment.
b. A measurement of the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in
driving the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis.
c. A measurement of the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis to occur.
d. A measurement of the activity of photons in chlorophyll molecules.
21. What is the relationship between light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation?
22. What are two similarities between the functions of photosystem II and the cytochrome
complex?
23. Which of the following are functions of the plant cell wall?
a. Defining the shape of a plant cell and the plant itself.
b. Helping to keep unwanted substances out of the cell.
c. Helping the plant to withstand forces of gravity and wind.
d. Intracellular communication
e. A and B
f.
g.
h.
i.
C and D
A, B, and C
A, B, and D
All of the above
24. What is the antenna complex?
25. What is the reaction center?
26. Which of the following is a function of epithelia?
a. Acting as a barrier between the external environments of plants and animals.
b. Separating organs to prevent mixing if solutions from adjacent organs or structures.
c. Acting as a barrier between the internal environments of plants and animals.
d. Providing structural support.
e. A and B
f. B and C
g. A, B, and C
h. B, C, and D
i. All of the above
27. Which of the following best describes desmosomes?
a. Proteins line up and bind to one another, stitching the membranes of two cells
together to form a watertight seal.
b. Integral membrane attachment proteins form bridges between anchoring proteins
inside adjacent cells.
c. Specialized proteins assemble in the membranes of adjacent cells, creating
interconnected pores between the cells.
d. Channels that allow water, ions, and small molecules such as amino acids, sugars, and
nucleotides to move between adjacent cells.
28. If conducting a cell mixing experiment where epidermis, mesoderm, and neural plate are
placed into the same petri dish, what can we expect the possible outcomes of this
experiment to look like?
29. How do endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signaling differ from one another?