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31.3 Immune Responses KEY CONCEPT The immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells. 31.3 Immune Responses • The job of the immune systems is to fight off pathogens & infections. – Skin is a physical barrier to infection. – Mucous Membranes trap pathogens entering the body. 31.3 Immune Responses Two nonspecific responses. 1. Inflammation - blood vessels become leaky. • characterized by swelling, redness, and pain 2. Fever - body temperature increases • Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature. 31.3 Immune Responses Cells of the immune system produce SPECIFIC RESPONSES • Specific Immune response: – Antigens are surface proteins on pathogens. – Each pathogen has a different antigen. antigens 31.3 Immune Responses White Blood Cells attack infections inside the body. 1. Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens. 2. T cells destroy infected cells. 3. B cells produce antibodies. - Antibodies make pathogens ineffective. 31.3 Immune Responses There are 2 specific immune responses. pathogen antigens 1. Cellular Immunity T-cells to destroy infected body cells. antigens T cell receptors memory T cells activated T cells 31.3 Immune Responses 31.3 Immune Responses 2. Antibody Immunity B-cells produce antibodies. B cell pathogen antibodies T cell memory B cells activated B cells 31.3 Immune Responses Both responses produce memory cells 31.3 Immune Responses • Vaccines – Allow person to acquire immunity without contracting disease – Contain the antigen of a weakened pathogen – Does not cure a person who is sick 31.3 Immune Responses • Vaccination provides immunity. – stimulates a specific immune response – causes memory B & T cells to be produced – allows immune system to respond quickly to infection next time – has such a fast response, a person will not get sick Antigens in a vaccine trigger an immune response, and memory B cells are made. 1 memory B cells 2 3 A memory B cell is stimulated when the real pathogen binds to it. The B cell quickly activates and makes antibodies that fight the pathogens before you get sick.