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Chapter 33—The Rise of the Roman Republic
I.
Introduction
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Early Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings from northern Italy.
Back in Rome, Brutus led the revolt that drove out the Etruscan kings.
He became one of the first leaders of the new republic
Patricians and Plebeians Under Etruscan Rule
Vocabulary:
patricians: in the Roman Republic, a member of the upper, ruling class
plebeians: in the Roman Republic, one of the common people
1. Between 616 and 509 B.C.E., the Etruscans ruled Rome.
2. Upper-class citizens, called patricians, came from a small group of wealthy landowners.
3. Free non-patricians called plebeians were mostly peasants, laborers, craftspeople, and shopkeepers.
III.
The Patricians Create a Republic
Vocabulary:
republic: a form of government in which leaders are elected to represent the people
Senate: a group of 300 men elected to govern Rome
consuls: one of two chief leaders in Rome
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In 509 B.C.E., a group of patricians, led by Lucius Junius Brutus, rebelled.
In place of a monarchy, they created a republic.
The patricians put most of the power in the hands of the Senate.
Two elected leaders, called consuls, shared command of the army.
The Plebeians Rebel
Vocabulary:
dramatic: noticeable and remarkable
crisis: a dangerous moment with a high chance of an unwanted result
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Rome was now a republic, but the patricians held all the power.
The plebeians had to fight for what they wanted.
The struggle took a dramatic turn in the year 494 B.C.E
Angry over their lack of power, the plebeians marched out of the city and camped on a nearby hill.
The Plebeians Gain Political Equality
Vocabulary:
tribunes: an official of Rome elected by plebeians to represent them
veto: to refuse to approve proposals of government
published: something that is written and distributed
constitution: a set of basic laws
civic: having to do with the community
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The plebeians’ revolt led to a major change in Roman government.
The patricians agreed to let the plebeians elect officials called Tribunes of the Plebs.
The plebeians had gained some important rights. However, they still had less power than the patricians.
First, they demanded that the laws be written down.
Next, in 367 B.C.E., a new law said that one of the two consuls had to be a plebeian.
Finally, in 287 B.C.E., the plebeians gained the right to pass laws for all Roman citizens.
Rome became an example of a type of government ruled by a set of basic laws, or a constitution.