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Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher Date: September 20, 2007 Drill: 1. name 2 properties of lipids a. Can’t mix with water(hydrophobic) b. Store 2x the energy program compared to carbohydrates 2. name the monomers of lipids a. Glycerol (1) b. Fatty Acids (3) 3. Give example of 2 saturated and 2 unsaturated fats a. Lard-saturated, animals bacon grease Animal b. Canola oil-unsaturated Animal c. Pam unsaturated-animal What do you know about the building block? Carbohydrates CH2O What is the smallest unit? (monomer) Monosaccharide Simple sugar What do they do for the body? Examples Provide Fast Fuel & energy Protein Protein CHNs Amino acids (AA) Lipids (fats) CHO Nucleic Acids CHPON Fatty acids & Glycerol Nucleotide Structure for the body Break stuff down Regularity Muscle structure Energy Enzymes Stored energy Fats (long term) Instructions (Blueprints) for the body Genetic Code Stores information in their sequences of chemical units Carbo Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose (can’t digest) Organization of DNA Double Helix Twisted Ladder Twisted around Histone proteins Twisted further into chromatins Twisted further into Chromosome Hydroxyl Fatty acid Interesting Fact Cellulose, glycogen, Glucose, players do eat complex carbs before a game Enzymes are a type of proteins. 20 AA Peptide Bond Hydrophobic DNA & RNA 4 Nucleotides Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher Phospholipid Bilayers- made from lipids Phospholipids Membrane to the cell Phospholipids are fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group and one of several nitrogen-containing molecules. The heads of the PHOSPHOLIPIDS are composed of glycerol and a phosphate group and like to dissolve in water. Water is a polar molecule (it acts like it has two poles) and other molecules that are polar easily dissolve in water. These molecules that easily dissolve in water are called water-loving (or hydrophilic) molecules. The tails of the PHOSPHOLIPIDS are mostly fatty acids made up of long carbon and hydrogen chains. Carbon and hydrogen chains are not polar and do not like to dissolve in water. Molecules that do not easily dissolve in water are called water-hating (or hydrophobic) molecules http://www.theaps.org/education/lot/cell/MoreL.htm D. Steroids a. 3 three sided rings and 1 six sided ring http://www.people.vcu.edu/~urdesai/intro.htm Used for communication /hormones cholesterol a. Hormones i. Testosterone ii. Estrogen b. Anabolic steroids= “bad steroids” i. Forms of Testosterone ii. Harmful to the body iii. Female 1. hair like men iv. can cause cancer and mood swings v. reduce sex hormones in wormed vi. sexual dysfunction vii. increase cholesterol viii. Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/jrod9.htm http://www.justthinktwice.com/hot/steroids.cfm Anabolic steroids are drugs that resemble androgenic hormones (sometimes called male hormones) such as testosterone (Figure 1). Athletes consume them in the hope of gaining weight, strength, power, speed, endurance, and aggressiveness. They are widely used by athletes involved in such sports as track and field (mostly the throwing events), weight lifting, and American football. However, in spite of their tremendous popularity, their effectiveness is controversial. The research literature is divided on whether anabolic steroids enhance physical performance. Yet, almost all athletes who consume these substances acclaim their beneficial effects. Many athletes feel that they would not have been as successful without them. b. Steroid hormones work by stimulation of receptor molecules in muscle cells, which activate specific genes to produce proteins (see Figure 1 Hormones i. Testosterone ii. Estrogen c. Anabolic steroids= “bad steroids” ). They also affect the activation rate of enzyme systems involved in protein metabolism, thus enhancing protein synthesis and inhibiting protein degradation (called an anti-catabolic effect) http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/anabster/anabster.html Bad Effects of Steroids Roid Rage Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher Heart Problems Extra hair Breast Development Testicular Shrinkage Impotence