Download Cellular Respiration

Cellular
Respiration
Conversion of Chemical Energy
in organic compounds (foods) to
chemical energy of ATP,
usable by cells.
9-3 : Respiration
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How does glycolysis produce ATP?
How is ATP produced in aerobic respiration?
Why is fermentation important?
Cellular respiration is the process
used by humans and other organisms
to release the energy stored
in the food they consume
Cellular respiration
ALL cells break down complex organic
(prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
(foods)
compounds into simpler molecules. Cells
(catabolism)
use some of the energy that is released in
(from C-C)
this process to make ATP.
(happens in respiration and fermentation)
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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Aerobic – requires oxygen
Anaerobic – does not need oxygen
Cellular respiration – occurs in the cell, in
eukaryotic cells it is in the mitochondria. It
does not refer to ‘breathing’ although it
requires oxygen.
Parts of Respiration
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Glycolysis
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In cytoplasm, no oxygen
necessary, ALL cells
Splits a glucose molecule
Generates 2 ATP and 2
pyruvates ( pyruvic acids )
Kreb’s cycle
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In matrix of
mitochondria, needs
mitochondria
does not require oxygen
Splits C-C bonds ( in
acetyl )
Generates some ATP, lots
of NADH and FADH2
and CO2 as waste
Electron transport chain (ETC)
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On the inner
mitochondrial membrane
Electron transport moves
e- from carrier to carrier
in the membrane
Generates ATP
Requires oxygen as the
final e- acceptor
Also makes water
fermentation
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If oxygen is missing – ETC can not proceed. This
causes a build up in NADH. In order to recycle
NADH to NAD+ and run the Kreb’s cycle, cells will
use an alternative pathway called fermentation.
Must have correct enzymes.
Forms
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Lactic acid fermentation ( muscles – lactic acid)
Alcoholic fermentation (yeast and bacteria – alcohol)
Energy
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All cells need/ use ATP
ATP is adenosine tri phosphate and stores energy in
high energy phosphate bonds
1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories
Glycolysis alone is only 3.5% efficient
Complete oxidation is 66% efficient
Car engines are around 25% efficient
A cell is WAY MORE efficient than most machines
Cell work generates lots of heat
Summary
C6H12O6 + 6O2
C(H2O)n
“food is burned”
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
producing
needs oxygen
Not just glucose, but
ANY FUEL (organic compound)
“exhaust” and “energy”
ATP & heat
Compare and contrast
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Respiration
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All eukaryotic
All cells do glycolysis
Carbs and oxygen IN
Water and CO2 OUT
Mitochondria
Inner membrane and matrix
3 parts
ETC is final step; makes ATP
Releases energy from C-C
Cycle; Krebs, separates C
ATP, NADH and FADH2
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Photosynthesis
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Only plant cells
? Algae and ? bacteria
Carbs and oxygen OUT
Water and CO2 IN
Chloroplast
Thylakoid membrane and
stroma
2 parts
Light reaction has ETC and
makes ATP
Stores light energy as C-C
Cycle; Calvin, connects C
NADPH
Key Vocab Words
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Glycolysis
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Kreb’s cycle
Fermentation
Lactic acid
ADP
NADH
FADH
Pyruvate
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ETC
Mitochondria
Inner mitochondrial matrix
Protein channel
Enzyme
ATP synthase
Diffusion
Eukaryote ( eukaryotic cells)
Prokaryote (prokaryotic cell)