Download PowerPoint- Transcription and Translation

Date: January 6th, 2017
Aim #39: How is DNA transcribed and translated?
Do Now:
1)Why must DNA replicate itself before cell
division?
2)Briefly describe the three steps of cell division.
3)What is the final product of DNA replication?
4)What molecules are needed for all chemical
reactions?
HW:
1) Daily Review of class notes.
2) “All About DNA” worksheet
Aim #39- How is DNA
transcribed and translated?
Introduction to Protein
Synthesis (~3 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suNsV0cT6c
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Replication is not DNA’s only job!
Coded
copy
change
Transcription & Translation
1) Transcription-
DNA  RNA
2) Translation- RNA amino acids (protein)
3) Central Dogma
Sequence of bases in DNA contain code for making proteins
Proteins determine
our appearance (traits) &
functioning of our cells.
1 Gene = 1 Protein
Where in the cell do they happen?
5) Cytoplasm
(ribosome)
4) Nucleus
6) First the genetic code needs to get
TRANSCRIBED into mRNA:
m
The DNA base sequence needs to get copied
into messenger RNA
7) Why do we need a copy of the DNA?
The DNA are the main instructions found in the
nucleus, they can not leave the nucleus.
Why not?
Too large!
8) How is DNA transcribed into
mRNA?
DNA
ATCG-
One side of the
DNA molecule
is the template
Transcription
enzyme
RNA
U
A
G
C
Is mRNA an identical copy of DNA?
Can you tell the difference?
9) DNA vs RNA
• RNA
• DNA
• Double helix
Description
• Single helix
• Sugar – Deoxyribose
Sugar
• Sugar – Ribose
• Bases:
Bases
• Bases:
Adenine – Thymine
Adenine – Uracil
Guanine – Cytosine
Guanine – Cytosine
• Main set of instructions
Function
• Copy of instructions
10) Is transcription the same as replication?
Transcription – coded copy of DNA to be used to make proteins.
Replication - an identical copy of DNA to be given to new cells
11) Second, the mRNA code needs to
get TRANSLATED into a protein
m
The mRNA copy
needs to get
changed into an
amino acid sequence
12) How many mRNA bases = 1 amino acid?
codon
Amino acid
• Codon (3 mRNA bases) = 1 amino acid
Use the chart to translate the codon
UUU =
ACA =
CAC =
GGG=
AGA=
CAG=
13) Steps of protein synthesis:
1) DNA bases get copied
into mRNA
(transcription)
• Occurs in nucleus
2) mRNA leaves nucleus
and travels to
cytoplasm
3) Codon sequences
determine amino acid
sequences (translation)
• Occurs at ribosome
4) Protein product is
synthesized
What did we learn?
• What are the two jobs of
DNA?
• How is replication different
from transcription?
• What are the steps of
protein synthesis?
• Compare transcription and
translation.
• How is DNA different from
mRNA?
DNA Bingo = DINGO
DNA / mRNA / Amino Acid
TAC
• AUG -MET (START)
CCA
•GGU – GLY
TTA
•AAU – ASP
AAC
•UUG – LEU
CTT
•GAA – GLU
TTT
•AAA – LYS
GCA
•CGU - ARG
AGC
•UCG – CYS
TAG
•AUC – ISO
CAT
•GUA - VAL
AAA
•UUU – PHE
AGA
•UCU – SER
ACT
•UGA – STOP