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Date: January 6th, 2017 Aim #39: How is DNA transcribed and translated? Do Now: 1)Why must DNA replicate itself before cell division? 2)Briefly describe the three steps of cell division. 3)What is the final product of DNA replication? 4)What molecules are needed for all chemical reactions? HW: 1) Daily Review of class notes. 2) “All About DNA” worksheet Aim #39- How is DNA transcribed and translated? Introduction to Protein Synthesis (~3 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suNsV0cT6c Morse Code .. / .-.. --- ...- . / _... .. __ _ 1st Copy code 2nd Translate code . - dot dash short sound long sound http://www.philtulga.com/ morse.html Replication is not DNA’s only job! Coded copy change Transcription & Translation 1) Transcription- DNA RNA 2) Translation- RNA amino acids (protein) 3) Central Dogma Sequence of bases in DNA contain code for making proteins Proteins determine our appearance (traits) & functioning of our cells. 1 Gene = 1 Protein Where in the cell do they happen? 5) Cytoplasm (ribosome) 4) Nucleus 6) First the genetic code needs to get TRANSCRIBED into mRNA: m The DNA base sequence needs to get copied into messenger RNA 7) Why do we need a copy of the DNA? The DNA are the main instructions found in the nucleus, they can not leave the nucleus. Why not? Too large! 8) How is DNA transcribed into mRNA? DNA ATCG- One side of the DNA molecule is the template Transcription enzyme RNA U A G C Is mRNA an identical copy of DNA? Can you tell the difference? 9) DNA vs RNA • RNA • DNA • Double helix Description • Single helix • Sugar – Deoxyribose Sugar • Sugar – Ribose • Bases: Bases • Bases: Adenine – Thymine Adenine – Uracil Guanine – Cytosine Guanine – Cytosine • Main set of instructions Function • Copy of instructions 10) Is transcription the same as replication? Transcription – coded copy of DNA to be used to make proteins. Replication - an identical copy of DNA to be given to new cells 11) Second, the mRNA code needs to get TRANSLATED into a protein m The mRNA copy needs to get changed into an amino acid sequence 12) How many mRNA bases = 1 amino acid? codon Amino acid • Codon (3 mRNA bases) = 1 amino acid Use the chart to translate the codon UUU = ACA = CAC = GGG= AGA= CAG= 13) Steps of protein synthesis: 1) DNA bases get copied into mRNA (transcription) • Occurs in nucleus 2) mRNA leaves nucleus and travels to cytoplasm 3) Codon sequences determine amino acid sequences (translation) • Occurs at ribosome 4) Protein product is synthesized What did we learn? • What are the two jobs of DNA? • How is replication different from transcription? • What are the steps of protein synthesis? • Compare transcription and translation. • How is DNA different from mRNA? DNA Bingo = DINGO DNA / mRNA / Amino Acid TAC • AUG -MET (START) CCA •GGU – GLY TTA •AAU – ASP AAC •UUG – LEU CTT •GAA – GLU TTT •AAA – LYS GCA •CGU - ARG AGC •UCG – CYS TAG •AUC – ISO CAT •GUA - VAL AAA •UUU – PHE AGA •UCU – SER ACT •UGA – STOP