Download 8 Choline receptor blockers Section 1 : Today, we have to learn is

8 Choline receptor blockers
Section 1 : Today, we have to learn is cholinergic receptor blockers .
According to the subject that this is a drug capable of blocking
cholinergic receptors . Cholinergic receptors , including M, N receptors.
Since it is a description of these drugs and blocking cholinergic receptor
binding does not have an effect .
Section 2 : In this chapter the pharmacological effects of traditional
Chinese medicine master atropine , clinical applications, mechanisms of
action, adverse reactions. Also need to be familiar anisodamine and
scopolamine role characteristics and clinical application .
Section 3 : cholinergic receptor blockers include M cholinergic receptor
blockers and N cholinergic receptor blockers .
Section 4 : In the M cholinergic receptor blockers , in accordance with
different sources, we again divided into natural alkaloids these drugs , on
behalf of drug atropine and scopolamine ; semi-synthetic derivatives and
synthetic drugs, in clinical homatropine drug representatives , pirenzepine
equality.
Section 5 : M cholinergic receptor blockers has several subtypes , soon to
learn Atropine is a non-selective M cholinergic receptor blockers , M
receptor subtypes it can stop a few broken .
Section 6 : Next we focus to learn atropine and knowledge about this
class of drugs.
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Section 7 : You are now seeing these pictures is scopolamine , belladonna
and datura , an alkaloid extracted from them with M receptor blocking
effect. Which mandala in our school garden where you can see, it's taste
is not very good . In ancient times, a number of aristocratic women would
use the sap of these plants come eye drops , the purpose is to let the eye
dilated pupils, prettier . Why ? Immediately give everybody talked about
why.
Section 8 : this picture is . Schools there are such plants . Interested
students can go and see .
Section 9 :
Reading PPT
Section 10 : M cholinergic receptor blockers action principle from this
picture have a good understanding . Is actually very simple , originally
acetylcholine receptor binding and produce an effect . However, these
drugs such as atropine to acetylcholine position to account , so that can
not acetylcholine receptor binding and M or N , while atropine can not
have an effect .
Section 11 : Understanding the mechanism of action , let's look at its
pharmacological effects. Atropine M receptor , which will inhibit
glandular secretion. And it can suppress the gland from this table that
there is a strength difference. The dose can rarely on salivary glands,
sweat glands produce a strong inhibitory effect , while the lacrimal gland,
the gland respiratory inhibition is weaker more. Only the larger dose will
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inhibit gastric secretion.
Section 12 : This can better explain the inhibitory effect of atropine on the
gland . Atropine on the salivary glands and sweat glands strongest
inhibition , can cause dry mouth and dry skin. If you let the sweat glands
inhibited fever, it is easy to cause heat stroke in the summer . Even in
infants and young children can cause " atropine fever" , poisoning infant
body temperature can reach 43 degrees Celsius. Followed by respiratory
glands , can be used in pre-anesthetic administration , in order to prevent
aspiration pneumonia . There was also this effect of scopolamine .
Section 13 : We have talked about earlier in the iris sphincter has M
receptor distribution . When this part of the M receptor blocked by
atropine , the dominant open a large muscle , the outer periphery of the
iris movement , making the pupil dilation . Meanwhile, the iris outer
circumferential direction , its roots will thicken , and finally a narrow
anterior chamber angle , hindering the return of aqueous humor ,
intraocular pressure caused by the accumulation of aqueous humor . In
the ciliary muscle also has M receptor , when the ciliary muscle on the M
receptor blocked by atropine , the outer periphery of the ciliary muscle
relaxation relaxation, suspensory ligaments taut, the lens becomes flat ,
reducing refraction can not be close objects clearly imaged on the retina,
to see near objects blurred, only suitable to see distant objects , this effect
is called " adjustment paralysis " (mydriasis and cycloplegia).
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Section 14 : atropine eye for these pharmacological effects of any use in
clinical practice it ? Pupil dilation can miotics , such as pilocarpine
treatment of iridocyclitis used interchangeably and fundus examination ,
but can also cause blurred vision , glaucoma disabled.
Section 15 : atropine many visceral smooth muscle relaxation . For the
best relief of gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm , but note a very
important point , biliary colic , renal colic occurs in combination with the
needs and analgesics .
Section 16 : The role of smooth muscle relaxation with atropine organs
different and differences , but also to excessive spasm of visceral smooth
muscle relaxation effect more pronounced. Therefore, in clinical biliary
colic , renal colic to and pethidine in combination with pethidine reason
alone would make smooth muscle spasm , and atropine on excessive
spasm gentle and relaxing effect more apparent. Atropine to treat by
relaxing the bladder detrusor bladder irritation , reducing the number of
urine . But disabled in BPH patients .
Section 17 : atropine can generate excitement for the heart , because the
lifting of vagal inhibition of the heart , a larger dose of atropine causes
increased heart rate . If a young man vagal control particularly strong ,
given a larger dose of atropine after the excitement of the heart 's
performance will be more obvious .
Section 18 : This is increased with the dose of atropine on the heart . You
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can see the increase in heart rate after a dose increase .
Section 19 : atropine on vascular dilatation can play , so when large doses
of atropine causes skin vasodilation, manifested as skin flushing, warm
and so on. But note that this effect is independent of M receptor and
blocking . So in the end is what causes it ? There are two possible
reasons : one , atropine itself can vasodilator ; Second, because atropine
inhibit glandular secretion , fever occurs after the body's compensatory
heat .
Section 20 : atropine mainly excited for the main hub , only when the
poisoning by the excitement into depression, generally reach toxic dose
will happen after coma and respiratory paralysis, and finally died of
circulatory and respiratory failure.
Transition : According to the pharmacological effects of learning to see
what are some of the clinical use of atropine .
Section 21 :
Reading PPT
Section 22 : In the iridocyclitis when combined miotic so inflamed tissue
adequate rest , is conducive to anti-inflammatory and analgesic ; atropine
eye drops could make full paralysis of the ciliary muscle , lens fixed ,
testing out the exact diopter , with to optometry. But the effect of atropine
on the eye for a long time , but in children with atropine optometry.
Section 23 : atropine used to treat shock, large doses of atropine can
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relieve vasospasm, peripheral vascular relaxation , but accompanied by
high fever or rapid heart rate should not be used in patients.
Section 24 : This is one of the pharmacological effects of atropine and
clinical application of the summary.
Section 25 : In fact, the pharmacological effects of atropine also
converted to adverse reactions. Such as pupil dilation will be blurred
vision, confusion caused by central nervous excitement , relaxation of
visceral smooth muscle causes constipation and urinary retention.
Section 26 : atropine has many uses in clinical , but when large doses can
also cause poisoning after using . When atropine poisoning , how to save
it ? According to Read ( Article 3 has been the attention to need to add
two sentences ) one can not be excessive, so as atropine and central
inhibition produced by these drugs synergy ; two , can not use
phenothiazine drugs, because these drugs have M receptor blocking
effects of atropine may aggravate symptoms of poisoning.
Section 27\28 :
Reading PPT
Section 29 : atropine and anisodamine Anisodamine organ selectivity is
better. Therefore, relatively small adverse reactions.
Section 30 : that is derived from this plant alkaloids scopolamine ,
Chinese medicine is the main component of the Yangjinhua scopolamine .
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Scopolamine and atropine on the central different, it is the inhibition of
central , to have sedative and hypnotic effect, so we put it together in the
clinical diphenhydramine motion sickness pills made use , the effect is
better. It can not only inhibit glandular secretion and on central inhibition ,
so before anesthesia administration than atropine for good . Because it
has a central role , so it can be used to treat Parkinson's disease.
Section 31 : atropine and scopolamine on the central What is the
difference ? Atropine is excited hub , and scopolamine is inhibited hub.
Section 32 : This is a comparison of atropine.
Section 33 : There is a problem to ask you , in the wild if ingested a
poisonous mushroom , what will happen after poisoning symptoms, how
to deal with ? Poisonous mushrooms are cholinergic receptor agonists ,
makes the body appear glandular secretion , restlessness, blurred vision,
diarrhea and other symptoms of cholinergic receptors excited .
Cholinergic receptor blockers can be used to fight , and wild plants have
these alkaloids hyoscyamine , or mandala , can come to the rescue
poisonous mushroom poisoning.
Section 34 : The following drugs are synthetic.
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