Download Climate Change Adaptation in Vietnam and Bangladesh

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Phong Tran
Technical Lead,
Institute for Social and Environmental
Transition, Vietnam
Outline
• Mekong-BRACE program
• Climate resilience planning approach
– Resilience planning process
– Urban climate resilience framework
– Shared, learning, dialogues and iterative learning
• Experiences from Hue City, Vietnam
– Urban resilience planning and intervention
– Key findings
– Lessons learned
• Recommendations
Mekong-BRACE
• A three year project funded by USAID
• The goal is to build resilience to climate change in medium
size cities in Thailand and Vietnam
• Expected Results:
• A shared learning dialogue
processes among city
stakeholders established;
• Practical resilience measures
tested and implemented;
• Stakeholder knowledge and
awareness of urban climate
resilience strengthened;
• Methods, tools and training
guidelines developed and
refined;
• Lessons and replicable processes
documented and disseminated
Lao Cai
Udon
Phuket
Hue
Multiple
stakeholders
Vulnerable
groups and
sectors
Detailed study
of major issues
Experience with
small scale
interventions
Resilience Planning
Shared Learning
Climate context
and impact
Sector studies and Pilots
Engagement
Vulnerability Assessment
SLDs
Resilience Planning Process
Develop
strategy for
action
Select priorities
Assemble
complementary
activities
• Led by local governments
• Engagement of multiple departments and
stakeholders
• Capacity building and shared learning
• Collaborative work plan development
Resilience Planning Framework
SLD and Iterative Learning
Vulnerability Assessment in Hue
• Coordinated by DONRE under the guidance of
Provincial Steering Committee for CC;
• Conducted by local CC working group with multistakeholders from city and provincial levels
• Vision-setting and key contents for resilience based on
a series of discussions and SLDs with larger audiences
• Resilience approaches, climate information and VA
methods supported by ISET and NISTPASS
Overall VA in Hue
• Four Components
– Climate trend analysis
– Institutional capacity
assessment using LGSAT tools,
in-depth interview, group
discussion;
– Physical systems assessment
using spatial data analysis and
scenarios
– Community and local
residential adaptive capacity
using PRA tools
Key Findings
• Climate change impacts experienced at local levels
• Big gap between locally observed data and official climate change
scenarios
• Hue is experienced with DRR - but that it is quite a leap from DRR to
climate - and then from climate to climate resilience
Key Findings
• Old risks still exist, but new risks appear due to climate change
impacts (e.g. upstream reservoirs management)
• Gaps between climate change awareness and actions
• Limited coordination between departments and agencies lessens the
climate resilience of the city.
Key Issues
Hue urban expansion: Source KOICA project
• Climate change is real,
already affects local levels,
and it is more severe than
B2 scenario suggests.
• However, the city’s
development plan does
not factor in enough
climate change in planning
for this urban expansion
• The expansion rests on an
assumption that key flood
infrastructure will work
well
Overall Challenges
• Top down planning commonly practiced
• Technocratic viewpoint, more focus on physical
systems, not on institutions and adaptive capacity
of people and communities
• Coordination of multi-stakeholders with different
perspectives and priorities
• Lack of experiences in linking local VA and
regional climate information
• Resilience planning new for local people
• Traditional “predict then act” approach vs.
resilience approach of “learn from and adapt to
unexpected events”
Lessons Learned From Process
• Resilience approach is new but well received
• SLD and iterative approach that bring different
actors together to discuss and share
experiences are effective ways to build
capacity and strengthen knowledge.
• The city does the work, which makes the
process quite slow but there is greater
ownership and therefore better chance for
sustainability
Recommendations
• Need a long term vision and plan for the urban future
• Urban development plan should be based on safe failure
approach (e.g. a technical review of risk and safe failure
options for water infrastructures)
• Need better information about urban expansion and
climate issues (e.g. monitoring the expansion in the
flood plain and developing e-flood maps using mobile
apps)
• Need better coordination between government
departments, need to bring in private sector, and local
communities into urban planning process
• Resilience planning should link to the existing projects
and programs of the cities
THANK YOU!
Contact Us
Phong Tran: [email protected]
www.i-s-e-t.org
Sanjib Kumar Saha
Response/Adaptation Management Analyst,
United Nations Development Programme,
Bangladesh
Resilient City Development: The
Comprehensive Disaster Management
Program’s Intervention in Urban Risk
Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
“The Climate Change Phenomenon is Making
the Issue of Sustainable Urbanization
a Matter of Urgency”
UN-HABITAT
Structure of the Presentation
• Strategic Context and Problem
• Bangladesh position as per the World Risk Report
• Climate change, environment and disaster risk issues,
threats and challenges
• Climate Change and Urbanization in BD
• Climate Induced Risk and Vulnerability
• CDMP Urban Risk Reduction
• Challenges
• Looking Forward
Strategic Context and Problem
• Megacities, secondary, and small growing towns are
subjected to climate change, environmental hazards and
disaster risks
• Effects of climate change, environmental degradation, and
disaster further threaten the lives, livelihoods, assets,
environmental quality, and economic gains of city dwellers,
particularly the urban poor
• Policy and planning are not adequately responsive to the
dynamic interrelations and the combined impacts of climate
change, environment, and disaster risk (CCED) in the
different sectors, socio-economic strata of population, and
hazard specific geographical areas
Bangladesh position as per the World Risk
Report 2012:
- 31.7% in terms of exposure towards natural hazards and
climate change;
- 63.78% in susceptibility of infrastructure, nutrition, housing
situation and economic framework conditions; - 86.84% coping
capacities in terms of governance, disaster preparedness and
early warning, medical services, and social and material
coverage; and
- 61.03% lack of adaptive capabilities relating to forthcoming
natural events, to climate change, and to other challenges
Climate change, environment and disaster risk
issues, threats and challenges
• Bangladesh is most vulnerable to climate change because of
human induced and climate change related hazards. The
change is apparently and actually visible everywhere in the
country, including the urban areas.
• Dense population and rapid urbanization are notable
features of BD. These have increased the demand for urban
infrastructural facilities and services.
• Rapid urban growth with the presence of hazards makes the
risk reduction a prominent agenda for BD.
• Lack of climate adaptive employment opportunities,
insecurity, low wage and general lack of female
employment.
• Climate change and its impacts are accelerating and
aggravating the situation.
Climate Change and Urbanization in BD
Between 1974 and 2001, the country’s urban population grew
from 6 million to 30 million, and it is expected to double or
even triple by mid-century, with the highest growth rates (up to
7% per year) found in urban slums.
The rapid growth of Bangladesh’s urban population is the result
of a high natural population growth combined with climate
change induced in-migration from rural to urban areas by poor
populations in search of jobs and economic opportunities (2001
Bangladesh Census).
Climate Induced Risk and Vulnerability – An Account
 Prolonged floods and water logging in the city
 Four major floods in last 20 years: in 1988, 1998, 2004 and 2007
 Floods of 1998 and 2004 were worst in terms of inundation and
duration of flood water in the city fringe areas
 Over 50% city people, mostly slum dwellers and living in low
lying areas were badly affected
 People were forced to stay on roof tops during prolonged floods
 SMEs (including garments industries), small trading and retailers
suffered the most for months
 In 2007, over 90,000 people in Dhaka city were infected by
diarrheal diseases in one week during flood
 Communication was badly affected, people had to swim to
collect food and water
CDMP – Synonym of Disaster
& Climate Risk Reduction
• Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) is
a Technical Support Programme of the Government of
Bangladesh supported by host of donors
• Facilitate paradigm shift from response to risk reduction
• Integrate DRR & CCA in local development planning
• Mainstreaming DRR & CCA in all development sectors
• Drive and facilitate the concept of “resilience” to encompass
both disaster and effects of climate change
Urban Risk Reduction Activities
• Earthquake risk assessment and contingency planning in targeted cities and
urbanized municipalities and development of ward level spatial contingency
plan for 3 city corporations
• Support UDD to develop disaster risk reduction integrated physical
plan/land use map for Mymensingh urban areas along with rural (10 new
unions) areas
• Model development for enhancing capacities of seismic retrofitting
technology of critical infrastructures
• Landslide hazard assessment study conducted on landslide zonation
mapping for Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf – under the process of publication
• Safer City campaign – Orientation workshop for Mayors on LG-SAT and
CRA/FTCRA in cooperation with UNISDR & MAB under Safer City Campaign:
Making Cities Resilient. Till now 180 Municipal Mayors of Bangladesh signed
UNISDR Protocol.
– 1st batch completed in March with 16 participants Mayors
– 2nd batch is scheduled at June 01-02 with likely participants of 36
Urban Risk Reduction Activities
• Urban LDRRF interventions
– Construction of storm sewer lines of 6.1 km and RCC U channel is ongoing at
Mymensingh Municipality
– MoU & FA signed with Sylhet City Corporation for re-excavation of various
khal/chora and drain; under tendering process
– Construction of roadside U drain, box culvert, guard wall, footpath, catch-pit
and canal re-excavation at Chittagong City Corporation – work started
recently (10% progress)
– Re-excavation works along with construction of RCC retaining wall on both
sides of Mohesh khal in Chittagong - under tendering process
• Institutionalize ward level contingency plans
– Disseminate ward level contingency plan to the volunteers and Ward Disaster
Management Committee
– Ongoing training to urban registered volunteers on contingency planning,
conduct simulation drill, overseas tour program for FSCD personnel.
– Expand support to FSCD for procuring equipment
Innovative Urban Initiatives
• Landslide risk reduction interventions that include
Rainfall Triggered Landslide Hazard Zonation in Cox's
Bazar and Teknaf Municipalities. This intervention has
introduced Community-based Landslide Early Warning
System
• Working with the Mymensingh Municipality and
construct infrastructure system to facilitate drainage
during heady monsoon downpour
• Flood resilient housing in low lying Gopalganj
Municipality for urban poor communities Asian
Coalition for Housing Rights (ACHR), Thailand under
Asian Coalition for Community Action (ACCA)
Challenges: Critical Limitation
• Managing multiple hazards with the current institutional
and local level government structure and their limited
technical capacity
• Absence of suitable and tested alternatives and political
commitment to tackle the urban influx from the rural areas
• Limited evidence based information and data to provide to
the communities for adaptation planning
Looking Forward: A Resilient Urban Environment
• National Urban Policy development on decentralized urban growth
and management incorporating climate change and disaster risk
• Create adequate employments and related facilities for the
potential Internally Displaced People (IDPs): in and around rural
regions (i.e. migrant’s home of origin)
• Develop small and medium size ( satellite) towns with adequate
economic opportunities
• Strengthen local government institutes with devolution of power
and create metropolitan government for Mega cities
• Adequate habitat and utility services for the IDPs and emergency
Management (flood, severe storm, earthquake)
• Low carbon urban economy /Clean development Mechanism
(CDM)/country gaining from carbon trading
• Prepare and implement climate resilient action plan at the local
level urban planning with adequate resources to retard ruralurban migration
• Campaign for establishing a Green City by reducing carbon
footprint
Thank You
CityLinks Questions?
• Contact Laura Hagg at [email protected] or visit the
CityLinks website: icma.org/citylinks.
• Access our climate resources at Knowledge
Network – Climate Preparedness, Adaptation and
Resilience Group - located here
http://icma.org/en/icma/knowledge_network/gro
ups/kn/Group/1331/Climate_Preparedness_Adapt
ation__Resilience
• Climate Leadership Academy:
http://icma.org/en/cl/blogs/blogpost/1430/CityLin
ks_Addresses_Climate_Change_in_Asia