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Phrases and Clauses Another Fun Grammar lesson Teaching you how to express yourself in the clearest and most economical way. Phrase A phrase is a group of words that acts in a sentence as a single part of speech A phrase is usually part of a larger construction like a clause or sentence. A phrase is not a sentence because it is not a complete idea with a subject, and a verb. Examples in italics: On a farm, one gets accustomed to working in the heat. By midsummer the corn was in tassel. Learning a new language is difficult for many people. I have always wanted to learn woodworking. Many cities encourage residents to separate recyclable items. Noun Phrase A noun phrase, has one or more words working together to give more information about a noun. A noun phrase can function as a subject or object. Examples in italics: • all my dear children • the information age • seventeen hungry lions in the rocks • huge and muddy hippos in the river Adjective Phrase In an adjective phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about an adjective. Examples in italics: • so very sweet • earnest in her desire • very happy with his work • seemingly disgruntled with the result Verb Phrase A verb phrase, has one or more words working together to give more meaning to a verb. A verb phrase consists of the verb plus any auxiliary or helping verbs. The most common are forms of be and have. Examples in italics: We will weed the vegetable garden this morning. Sandra has already weeded all the peppers and the tomatoes We were weeding the flowerbeds when the rain started. I was running in my dream. Adverb Phrase an adverb phrase, gives more information about an adverb. An adverb phrase modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Examples in italics: • especially softly • formerly of the city of Perth • much too quickly to see clearly Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition. A prepositional phrase ends with a noun or a pronoun, This noun or pronoun is called the object of the preposition. Examples in italics: The new picture hangs on the wall. [Wall is the object of the preposition on.] The room beside the kitchen is empty. [Kitchen is the object of the preposition beside.] That puzzle is too difficult for me. [ Me is the object of the preposition for.] Clauses A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb. A clause can function as a sentence by itself or as part of a sentence. There are two types of clauses: Main or Independent Clauses A Independent Every clause has a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. sentence must have at least one main clause. Dependent or Subordinate Clauses Has It a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought. cannot stand alone as a sentence. Clause Types There are three types of Subordinate Clauses: Adjective Clauses Adverb clauses Modify nouns or pronouns Modify verbs, adjectives or adverbs Noun Clauses Function as nouns A subordinate clause is dependent on the rest of the sentence. A relative pronoun usually introduces a subordinate clause. Clauses Clause Examples Main Clause Subordinate Clause I enjoy a hot bath after I work a full day. Main Clause Subordinate Clause Bath salts that energize are my favorite. Main Clause Subordinate Clause Whoever likes baths will enjoy bath salts. You did it!