The Realization and Function of Focus in Spoken English by
... The primary means of marking focus in English is through intonation, the pattern of prosodic prominence characteristic of speech. Theories of focus — like many linguistic theories — have been developed largely on the basis of constructed examples, based on the intuitions of researchers. This work ha ...
... The primary means of marking focus in English is through intonation, the pattern of prosodic prominence characteristic of speech. Theories of focus — like many linguistic theories — have been developed largely on the basis of constructed examples, based on the intuitions of researchers. This work ha ...
Open Access version via Utrecht University Repository
... This thesis addresses the system of verbal Indonesian affixes and how they are related to the argument structure of the verb they attach to. Indonesian is the national language of Indonesia, which stretches over thousands of inhabited islands, from Sumatra in the west to Irian Jaya in the east, with ...
... This thesis addresses the system of verbal Indonesian affixes and how they are related to the argument structure of the verb they attach to. Indonesian is the national language of Indonesia, which stretches over thousands of inhabited islands, from Sumatra in the west to Irian Jaya in the east, with ...
Lesson I
... subordinating conjunction ut and has its verb in the subjunctive. A negative result is introduced by ut and a negative adverb, pronoun or adjective (nn, nm, nihil, numquam, etc.). The sentence which introduces a result clause often contains one of the following adjectives or adverbs, which antici ...
... subordinating conjunction ut and has its verb in the subjunctive. A negative result is introduced by ut and a negative adverb, pronoun or adjective (nn, nm, nihil, numquam, etc.). The sentence which introduces a result clause often contains one of the following adjectives or adverbs, which antici ...
Inner aspect and telicity
... point, makes the meaning of the VP correspond to a real world phenomenon that we can describe as an event. If none of these two components are involved, the meaning of a VP describes a state. For this reason, many linguists use the terms events and states to refer to the corresponding types of meani ...
... point, makes the meaning of the VP correspond to a real world phenomenon that we can describe as an event. If none of these two components are involved, the meaning of a VP describes a state. For this reason, many linguists use the terms events and states to refer to the corresponding types of meani ...
The Classification of the English
... The narrowing procedure for selecting which four creoles to work with was guided by a number of factors. One of those factors was the relative closeness of the creole from Standard English. In reviewing previous research, when it was reported that a creole was “closer” to Standard English than other ...
... The narrowing procedure for selecting which four creoles to work with was guided by a number of factors. One of those factors was the relative closeness of the creole from Standard English. In reviewing previous research, when it was reported that a creole was “closer” to Standard English than other ...
Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
... such as stress and intonation wherever they are relevant (e.g., in the context of word order phenomena like in (1)). The reason for this is that current formal grammar assumes that the output of the syntactic module of the grammar consists of objects (sentences) that relate form and meaning. Further ...
... such as stress and intonation wherever they are relevant (e.g., in the context of word order phenomena like in (1)). The reason for this is that current formal grammar assumes that the output of the syntactic module of the grammar consists of objects (sentences) that relate form and meaning. Further ...
Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
... such as stress and intonation wherever they are relevant (e.g., in the context of word order phenomena like in (1)). The reason for this is that current formal grammar assumes that the output of the syntactic module of the grammar consists of objects (sentences) that relate form and meaning. Further ...
... such as stress and intonation wherever they are relevant (e.g., in the context of word order phenomena like in (1)). The reason for this is that current formal grammar assumes that the output of the syntactic module of the grammar consists of objects (sentences) that relate form and meaning. Further ...
a complete grammar of esperanto the international language
... This volume has been prepared to meet a twofold need. An adequate presentation of the International Language has become an imperative necessity. Such presentation, including full and accurate grammatical explanations, suitably graded reading lessons, and similarly graded material for translation fro ...
... This volume has been prepared to meet a twofold need. An adequate presentation of the International Language has become an imperative necessity. Such presentation, including full and accurate grammatical explanations, suitably graded reading lessons, and similarly graded material for translation fro ...
a complete grammar of esperanto the international language
... This volume has been prepared to meet a twofold need. An adequate presentation of the International Language has become an imperative necessity. Such presentation, including full and accurate grammatical explanations, suitably graded reading lessons, and similarly graded material for translation fro ...
... This volume has been prepared to meet a twofold need. An adequate presentation of the International Language has become an imperative necessity. Such presentation, including full and accurate grammatical explanations, suitably graded reading lessons, and similarly graded material for translation fro ...
Clitics: An Introduction
... (There are also endoclitics which attach inside their host, in the manner of an infix, though these are much rarer.) In terms of their function and meaning, the clitic ’s and the full form is are essentially the same thing. Since it is not a fully-fledged word we might want to say that ’s is an affix ...
... (There are also endoclitics which attach inside their host, in the manner of an infix, though these are much rarer.) In terms of their function and meaning, the clitic ’s and the full form is are essentially the same thing. Since it is not a fully-fledged word we might want to say that ’s is an affix ...
to the PDF file. - Pearson English Learning System
... In this unit, you’ve learned about all kinds of solved and unsolved mysteries. You’ve also learned how to write descriptions. Now you are going to play a guessing game in which you will describe an object or place related to a crime. Your classmates will act as detectives and try to guess what your ...
... In this unit, you’ve learned about all kinds of solved and unsolved mysteries. You’ve also learned how to write descriptions. Now you are going to play a guessing game in which you will describe an object or place related to a crime. Your classmates will act as detectives and try to guess what your ...
gVbbVg - Fox C-6 School District
... • An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark. Read each sentence or phrase below. Write S beside it if it is a sentence. Write F if it is a fragment. Then add words to the fragments so that they express complete thoughts. Possible answers are given. 1. Toni and Beth went ...
... • An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark. Read each sentence or phrase below. Write S beside it if it is a sentence. Write F if it is a fragment. Then add words to the fragments so that they express complete thoughts. Possible answers are given. 1. Toni and Beth went ...
The Syntax of Inner Aspect
... have made me want to be an excellent teacher myself. Special thanks to Paco Ordóñez who introduced me to Spanish linguistics by helping me develop work on Spanish reflexives. The results of some of this work appears in this dissertation. Paco’s influence has extended well beyond the walls of Stony B ...
... have made me want to be an excellent teacher myself. Special thanks to Paco Ordóñez who introduced me to Spanish linguistics by helping me develop work on Spanish reflexives. The results of some of this work appears in this dissertation. Paco’s influence has extended well beyond the walls of Stony B ...
University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy
... 1. Subject and its formal realization ...........................................................................................2 2. Ways of expressing subject.....................................................................................................3 2.1 Subject expressed by a noun phras ...
... 1. Subject and its formal realization ...........................................................................................2 2. Ways of expressing subject.....................................................................................................3 2.1 Subject expressed by a noun phras ...
a complete grammar of esperanto
... necessity. Such presentation, including full and accurate grammatical explanations, suitably graded reading lessons, and similarly graded material for translation from English, has not heretofore been accessible within the compass of a single volume, or in fact within the compass of any two or three ...
... necessity. Such presentation, including full and accurate grammatical explanations, suitably graded reading lessons, and similarly graded material for translation from English, has not heretofore been accessible within the compass of a single volume, or in fact within the compass of any two or three ...
Syntax of Dutch Adpositions and Adpositional Phrases Hans
... potential problem for our earlier conclusion, which was based on the examples in (3) to (5), that preposition stranding is only possible with R-pronouns, viz., the observation that examples like (7a) are more or less acceptable for many speakers. In principle, there are two possible analyses for thi ...
... potential problem for our earlier conclusion, which was based on the examples in (3) to (5), that preposition stranding is only possible with R-pronouns, viz., the observation that examples like (7a) are more or less acceptable for many speakers. In principle, there are two possible analyses for thi ...
Vocabulary - For the Teachers
... Punctuate correctly; Use comparative words; Capitalize professional titles; Use interrogatives; Create strong sentence beginnings; Use verbs correctly (present perfect, future); Edit for subject–verb agreement; Use strong conclusions; Write directions; Use dashes correctly; Edit for pronoun-antecede ...
... Punctuate correctly; Use comparative words; Capitalize professional titles; Use interrogatives; Create strong sentence beginnings; Use verbs correctly (present perfect, future); Edit for subject–verb agreement; Use strong conclusions; Write directions; Use dashes correctly; Edit for pronoun-antecede ...
scenario - SIL International
... This affects discourse analysis and exegesis, by giving textual evidence that certain scenarios are open, and thus certain information is implicit and intended to be communicated. Scenario theory is also applied to lexical choice, providing a theoretical framework for determining the topic of a pass ...
... This affects discourse analysis and exegesis, by giving textual evidence that certain scenarios are open, and thus certain information is implicit and intended to be communicated. Scenario theory is also applied to lexical choice, providing a theoretical framework for determining the topic of a pass ...
1 Chapter 1. Introduction: status and definition of compounding
... Spelling also cannot be taken as a plausible criterion for determining compoundhood. Spelling is generally rejected as a criterion of compoundhood in English because the spelling of compounds is so inconsistent.2 Although there might seem to be a tendency for institutionalized compounds to be spelle ...
... Spelling also cannot be taken as a plausible criterion for determining compoundhood. Spelling is generally rejected as a criterion of compoundhood in English because the spelling of compounds is so inconsistent.2 Although there might seem to be a tendency for institutionalized compounds to be spelle ...
THE USE OF THE PARTICLE БЫЛО IN
... such cases: he presents an almost complete survey of было-constructions, omitting only those containing an infinitive. Amongst these 'other constructions', the type which occurs most frequently is the one which contains a past participle. Some authors make no explicit mention of this possibility, al ...
... such cases: he presents an almost complete survey of было-constructions, omitting only those containing an infinitive. Amongst these 'other constructions', the type which occurs most frequently is the one which contains a past participle. Some authors make no explicit mention of this possibility, al ...
The Columbia Guide to Standard American English
... make some of the choices Standard users must make if their usage is to be what they want it to be and what their listeners and readers expect it to be. There are many variables at work, and answers can only infrequently be both simple and accurate. Much more often, the accurate answer to a usage que ...
... make some of the choices Standard users must make if their usage is to be what they want it to be and what their listeners and readers expect it to be. There are many variables at work, and answers can only infrequently be both simple and accurate. Much more often, the accurate answer to a usage que ...
Morphological recoverability in Gapping
... At this point we can say what range of hypotheses can be meant by a PF-deletion theory of ellipsis. A PF-deletion hypothesis for ellipsis is minimally one where the elided material is present in the narrow syntax and not at the PF-interface. Usually approaches of this kind posit deletion somewhere i ...
... At this point we can say what range of hypotheses can be meant by a PF-deletion theory of ellipsis. A PF-deletion hypothesis for ellipsis is minimally one where the elided material is present in the narrow syntax and not at the PF-interface. Usually approaches of this kind posit deletion somewhere i ...
A Complete Grammar of the German Language
... words illustrating the rules of the lessons are no longer marked by heavy type ; and the idiomatic phrases are in serted in the vocabulary so as to encourage the use of it. The especial attention of instructors is invited to our classi ...
... words illustrating the rules of the lessons are no longer marked by heavy type ; and the idiomatic phrases are in serted in the vocabulary so as to encourage the use of it. The especial attention of instructors is invited to our classi ...
A Complete Grammar of Esperanto
... language, and the lack of necessity for reciting paradigms, permit the reading exercises to be long enough for the student to feel that he has really mastered something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every one is a story of genui ...
... language, and the lack of necessity for reciting paradigms, permit the reading exercises to be long enough for the student to feel that he has really mastered something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every one is a story of genui ...
Chinese grammar
This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.