chris_khoo.PhD_thesi
... retrieval system to identify causal relations in a database of full-text Wall Street Journal documents. Causal relation matching was found to yield a small but significant improvement in retrieval results when the weights used for combining the scores from different types of matching were customized ...
... retrieval system to identify causal relations in a database of full-text Wall Street Journal documents. Causal relation matching was found to yield a small but significant improvement in retrieval results when the weights used for combining the scores from different types of matching were customized ...
This is a reformatted version of the original
... retrieval system to identify causal relations in a database of full-text Wall Street Journal documents. Causal relation matching was found to yield a small but significant improvement in retrieval results when the weights used for combining the scores from different types of matching were customized ...
... retrieval system to identify causal relations in a database of full-text Wall Street Journal documents. Causal relation matching was found to yield a small but significant improvement in retrieval results when the weights used for combining the scores from different types of matching were customized ...
Reflexive Clitics in the Slavic and Romance Languages.
... SE wash means John washes himself, there are constructions in which it is not possible to identify the arguments in this way, cf. anticausatives as The glass SE broke does not entail that the glass broke itself, it just broke. Inherently reflexive verbs do not exist without the reflexive clitic, cer ...
... SE wash means John washes himself, there are constructions in which it is not possible to identify the arguments in this way, cf. anticausatives as The glass SE broke does not entail that the glass broke itself, it just broke. Inherently reflexive verbs do not exist without the reflexive clitic, cer ...
Copula Variation in African American Vernacular English: an investigation... individual- and stage-level predicate hypothesis
... copula presence. Pustet outlines four parameters of predicates that she finds correlate with copula presence: ...
... copula presence. Pustet outlines four parameters of predicates that she finds correlate with copula presence: ...
A truth-functional account of metalinguistic negation, with evidence
... garden-path hearers, who first take it descriptively and then, having arrived at a contradiction, reanalyse it as metalinguistic. (4) That it has certain typical prosodic properties: the so-called 'contradiction' intonation contour (a final rise within the negative clause) and contrastive stress on ...
... garden-path hearers, who first take it descriptively and then, having arrived at a contradiction, reanalyse it as metalinguistic. (4) That it has certain typical prosodic properties: the so-called 'contradiction' intonation contour (a final rise within the negative clause) and contrastive stress on ...
Case Selection for the Direct Object in Russian Negative Clauses. Part
... task in itself; but if every clause is to be coded in respect of more than 50 variables, the amount of work involved increases manyfold. It was therefore necessary to settle for a corpus of 4,037 clauses. 2. A wide range of styles should be represented in the material. As stylistic factors seem to h ...
... task in itself; but if every clause is to be coded in respect of more than 50 variables, the amount of work involved increases manyfold. It was therefore necessary to settle for a corpus of 4,037 clauses. 2. A wide range of styles should be represented in the material. As stylistic factors seem to h ...
grammar of esperanto dr. ll zamenhof
... comparative ease of the language, and the lack of necessity for reciting paradigms, permit the reading exercises to be long enough for the student to feel that he has really mastered something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every ...
... comparative ease of the language, and the lack of necessity for reciting paradigms, permit the reading exercises to be long enough for the student to feel that he has really mastered something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every ...
54. Adverbs and adverbials
... On the one hand, both adverbs and prepositions are uninflected, with adverbs differing from prepositions in having phrasal status. Reductionist approaches have therefore proposed to analyze at least some adverbs as intransitive, i.e. objectless, prepositions; e.g. Jackendoff (1972), Wunderlich (1984 ...
... On the one hand, both adverbs and prepositions are uninflected, with adverbs differing from prepositions in having phrasal status. Reductionist approaches have therefore proposed to analyze at least some adverbs as intransitive, i.e. objectless, prepositions; e.g. Jackendoff (1972), Wunderlich (1984 ...
Nominative Personal Pronouns and Some
... by means of the contrastive use of ego. But in the third sentence the primary contrast is between rerum and hominum. The main motivation of ego seems to be its tendency to occur as enclitic on certain categories of focused terms. I wish to consider further the possibility that the use of ego may som ...
... by means of the contrastive use of ego. But in the third sentence the primary contrast is between rerum and hominum. The main motivation of ego seems to be its tendency to occur as enclitic on certain categories of focused terms. I wish to consider further the possibility that the use of ego may som ...
PPT_week_8
... How would you form a noun from these adjectives meaning ‘the state of being X’ (where X refers to the quality expressed in the adjective) choosing between one of the suffixes -th, -ness, and -ity. Did you use one of the three far more or far less often than the other(s)? Can you come up with an expl ...
... How would you form a noun from these adjectives meaning ‘the state of being X’ (where X refers to the quality expressed in the adjective) choosing between one of the suffixes -th, -ness, and -ity. Did you use one of the three far more or far less often than the other(s)? Can you come up with an expl ...
pdf
... The phenomenon discussed here seems to be very much akin to (comparative) ellipsis, e.g. Maria schwamm schneller als Fritz (‘Maria swam faster than Fritz’) as in both cases an event(uality) similar to the asserted one has to be presupposed. The quoted sentence can only be interpreted if it is presup ...
... The phenomenon discussed here seems to be very much akin to (comparative) ellipsis, e.g. Maria schwamm schneller als Fritz (‘Maria swam faster than Fritz’) as in both cases an event(uality) similar to the asserted one has to be presupposed. The quoted sentence can only be interpreted if it is presup ...
Lesson IV
... In New Second Steps, the student’s syntactical horizon expands. The various pronouns, complementary infinitives, and indirect statement make longer, more complex, and more idiomatic sentences possible. Additional genitive, dative, and ablative constructions and subordinating conjunctions also allow ...
... In New Second Steps, the student’s syntactical horizon expands. The various pronouns, complementary infinitives, and indirect statement make longer, more complex, and more idiomatic sentences possible. Additional genitive, dative, and ablative constructions and subordinating conjunctions also allow ...
Conjunctions as Heads
... criteria for determining head-status, and concludes that the criteria do not consistently point to one and the same head in a syntactic construction. Hudson, however, re-examines the criteria and concludes, after having shown that Zwicky's analyzes are "irrelevant or open to improvement" (Hudson 198 ...
... criteria for determining head-status, and concludes that the criteria do not consistently point to one and the same head in a syntactic construction. Hudson, however, re-examines the criteria and concludes, after having shown that Zwicky's analyzes are "irrelevant or open to improvement" (Hudson 198 ...
Copyright by Ulf Hermjakob 1997 - Information Sciences Institute
... The parsing of unrestricted text, with its enormous lexical and structural ambiguity, still poses a great challenge in natural language processing. The diculties with traditional approaches, which try to master the complexity of parse grammars with hand-crafted rules, have led to a trend towards mo ...
... The parsing of unrestricted text, with its enormous lexical and structural ambiguity, still poses a great challenge in natural language processing. The diculties with traditional approaches, which try to master the complexity of parse grammars with hand-crafted rules, have led to a trend towards mo ...
German Adverbial Adjectives: Syntactic Position
... of associative readings, cohesion effects and specific properties of the direct object (definiteness and quantification). In chapter 6, I investigate scope effects that can occur when a manner modifying adjective and an additional adverbial in its syntactic scope appear in the same sentence. I argue ...
... of associative readings, cohesion effects and specific properties of the direct object (definiteness and quantification). In chapter 6, I investigate scope effects that can occur when a manner modifying adjective and an additional adverbial in its syntactic scope appear in the same sentence. I argue ...
German Adverbial Adjectives: Syntactic Position and
... of associative readings, cohesion effects and specific properties of the direct object (definiteness and quantification). In chapter 6, I investigate scope effects that can occur when a manner modifying adjective and an additional adverbial in its syntactic scope appear in the same sentence. I argue ...
... of associative readings, cohesion effects and specific properties of the direct object (definiteness and quantification). In chapter 6, I investigate scope effects that can occur when a manner modifying adjective and an additional adverbial in its syntactic scope appear in the same sentence. I argue ...
alas completo pdf - AMS Acta
... “buffalo”, bòrsih “clean” (where a liquid is found), etc. We excluded the inclusion of a glottal stop phoneme, for the status of /k/ syllable final seems to be clear also form a comparative point of view (the same occurs in Malay). On the other hand this could lead to the simplification of the types ...
... “buffalo”, bòrsih “clean” (where a liquid is found), etc. We excluded the inclusion of a glottal stop phoneme, for the status of /k/ syllable final seems to be clear also form a comparative point of view (the same occurs in Malay). On the other hand this could lead to the simplification of the types ...
Kokama-Kokamilla - Scholars` Bank
... Gustavo Solís and María Cortez for introducing me to Amerindian linguistics. Special thanks are due to Spike Gildea, my advisor, for his guidance and support that helped me tremendously during my academic training and while writing this dissertation. I thank my professors Doris Payne and Scott DeLan ...
... Gustavo Solís and María Cortez for introducing me to Amerindian linguistics. Special thanks are due to Spike Gildea, my advisor, for his guidance and support that helped me tremendously during my academic training and while writing this dissertation. I thank my professors Doris Payne and Scott DeLan ...
§§1–14 Exordium. §§15–36 Narratio. §§37–82 Argumentatio. §§83–123 Anticategoria.
... assumption raises the question of how difficult it may or may not have been to recover the property, a lesser consideration for the defendant while still accused of the murder. Alexander (2002: 165–166) lists three reasons why Cicero would not have wanted to discuss the possibility that Roscius maio ...
... assumption raises the question of how difficult it may or may not have been to recover the property, a lesser consideration for the defendant while still accused of the murder. Alexander (2002: 165–166) lists three reasons why Cicero would not have wanted to discuss the possibility that Roscius maio ...
COMPLEMENT VERB VARIATION IN PRESENT
... in which I invested as much energy as I possibly could at this moment, I try to begin to thank them for everything they have given me over the years. Here, however, I would like to acknowledge the people in part responsible for the way this dissertation looks. It has been a unique privilege to call ...
... in which I invested as much energy as I possibly could at this moment, I try to begin to thank them for everything they have given me over the years. Here, however, I would like to acknowledge the people in part responsible for the way this dissertation looks. It has been a unique privilege to call ...
- Catalyst
... 13.12 Adjectives and pronouns of quantity 100 13.13 Other indefinite adjectives and pronouns 102 ...
... 13.12 Adjectives and pronouns of quantity 100 13.13 Other indefinite adjectives and pronouns 102 ...
my dissertation - Semantics Archive
... Lisa Selkirk, and Jill de Villiers. I am especially grateful to Barbara and Tom for giving me the opportunity to work on their NSF and NIH grant projects. Second, I want to thank my teachers at the University of Arizona: Rudy Troike, Andy Barss, Andrew Carnie, Dick Demers, and Yoshi Ono. I’m partic ...
... Lisa Selkirk, and Jill de Villiers. I am especially grateful to Barbara and Tom for giving me the opportunity to work on their NSF and NIH grant projects. Second, I want to thank my teachers at the University of Arizona: Rudy Troike, Andy Barss, Andrew Carnie, Dick Demers, and Yoshi Ono. I’m partic ...
On Participial Imperatives
... imperatives in (21) and (23) with the non-negated participial imperatives in (5)-(6). The question arises as to why negative nominal and participial imperatives are highly productive, while the participial imperatives in (5)-(6) are extremely restricted in their distribution. We would like to propos ...
... imperatives in (21) and (23) with the non-negated participial imperatives in (5)-(6). The question arises as to why negative nominal and participial imperatives are highly productive, while the participial imperatives in (5)-(6) are extremely restricted in their distribution. We would like to propos ...
table of contents - Università degli Studi di Verona
... In this research, I survey a significant pattern of deverbal word-formation in Italian, and integrate the data analysis into a recently developed theoretical model of derivational semantics. In particular, the main goal of this study is to analyze the range of semantic interpretations and the corres ...
... In this research, I survey a significant pattern of deverbal word-formation in Italian, and integrate the data analysis into a recently developed theoretical model of derivational semantics. In particular, the main goal of this study is to analyze the range of semantic interpretations and the corres ...
The Romblomanon Grammar Essentials Sketch
... Only the third person personal pronouns siya and sinda occur in these personal demonstratives. The first and second person cannot be described as demonstrative pronouns. This person (near the speaker) ini siya ini sinda ...
... Only the third person personal pronouns siya and sinda occur in these personal demonstratives. The first and second person cannot be described as demonstrative pronouns. This person (near the speaker) ini siya ini sinda ...
Chinese grammar
This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.